Microbiology: A Systems Approach
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781259706615
Author: Marjorie Kelly Cowan Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 7, Problem 4CTQ
Explain what is happening to the bacterial population in the diagram at the top of page 193. Discuss at which point on the graph it would be best to test the effectiveness of a new antibiotic drug.
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Researchers are designing several experiments to test the ability of Salmonella bacteria to develop antibiotic resistance. A culture of Salmonella bacteria is exposed to the same concentrations (200 mg/L) of an antibiotic for four days. The table shows the number of isolated resistant bacteria over a four-day period. Which of the following statements best explains these results?
Day
Number of Resistant Bacteria in the Culture
1
5
2
59
3
677
4
32,456
The bacteria were not affected by the antibiotic.
After being exposed to the antibiotic, the bacteria altered the antibiotic.
A new species of bacteria emerged after the antibiotics were introduced.
Random mutations led some bacteria to be resistant and, over time, they increased in the population.
A veterinarian suspects that a new disease of house cats is caused by a specific type of bacterium. Describe a set of procedures for providing this hypothesis. EXAMPLE GIVEN ON THE IMAGE.
A medium was inoculated with 5 * 106 cells/ml of Escherichiacoli cells. Following a 1-h lag, the population grewexponentially for 5 h, after which the population was 5.4 * 109cells/ml. Calculate g and k for this growth experiment.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Microbiology: A Systems Approach
Ch. 7.1 - List the essential nutrients of a bacterial cell.Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 2AYPCh. 7.1 - List and define four different terms that describe...Ch. 7.1 - Define saprobe and parasite, and provide microbial...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 5AYPCh. 7.1 - Identify the effects of isotonic, hypotonic, and...Ch. 7.1 - Name two types of passive transport and three...Ch. 7.2 - List and define five terms used to express a...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 9AYPCh. 7.2 - Prob. 10AYP
Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 11AYPCh. 7.2 - Discuss characteristics of biofilms that...Ch. 7.3 - Summarize the steps of cell division used by most...Ch. 7.3 - Define doubling time and describe how it leads to...Ch. 7.3 - Compare and contrast the four phases of growth in...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 16AYPCh. 7 - The source of the necessary elements of life is a....Ch. 7 - An organism that can synthesize all its required...Ch. 7 - Chemoautotrophs can survive on ______ alone. a....Ch. 7 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 7 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 7 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 7 - A cell exposed to a hypertonic environment will...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 7 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 7 - In a viable plate count, each _____ represents a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 11TFCh. 7 - Prob. 12TFCh. 7 - Prob. 13TFCh. 7 - Prob. 14TFCh. 7 - A facultative anaerobe can grow with or without...Ch. 7 - Prob. 1CTQCh. 7 - Describe the process used by a saprobic microbe to...Ch. 7 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 7 - Explain what is happening to the bacterial...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5CTQCh. 7 - Prob. 1VCCh. 7 - Using the words that follow, please create a...
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- In a series of infection experiments, a researcher discovers that the ID50 value for the infectious bacterium Parasiticum mucoides is 2,000, and that the ID50 for another infectious bacterium, Donoteatum thisbacterium, is 150. Given these data, a person exposed to 1,000 bacteria of each type would be more likely to be infected by which bacterium? There is no way to know given the information provided Both infections are equally likely Donoteatum thisbacterium Parasiticum mucoidesarrow_forwardWrite a paragraph for when you once have Neisseria gonorrhoea bacteria in its pure form, what methods can you use to confirm the identity of this bacterium as N. gonorrhoeae? Mention what is the principle of those methods.arrow_forwardCiting the data from your results table tell which antibiotic is the most effective against this type of bacterium. Citing the data from the results table tell which antibiotic is the least effective against this type of bacterium. Explain how you determined the level of effectiveness. Describe what the Petri dish looked like. Hint(the most effective antibiotic has a larger clear area around the antibiotic disk. The least effective antibiotic has a smaller clear area around the antibiotic disk.arrow_forward
- Erythromycin, an antibiotic discovered in 1952 from soil bacterium Saccharopolyspora erythraea, was discovered by a Filipino scientist Abelardo Aguilar. Using schematic diagram, outline the process that led to thisarrow_forwardpropose a hypothesis regarding the organisms (staphylococcus, escherichia, pseudomonas, and bacillus) that will be resistant to the most disinfectants, and why? if the hypothesis is supported, what specific experimental results will be observed? what would be the independent and dependent variable? zone size, disinfectant type, colony countarrow_forwardAttached below is the study about the effects of handwashing and the effectiveness of soap against bacteria. What conclusions can be generated from this result? A C before washing hands 10 second hand wash B D hot water only rinse 30 second hand wash Figure 8: Agar plates with bacteria A) before washing hands B) after rinsing hands in hot water C) After washing hands with soap for 10 seconds and D) after washing hands for 30 seconds. Images show that the number of bacteria on the plate are not greatly reduced after a hot water rinse or 10 second handwash but bacterial levels are reduced after a proper hand wash for 30 seconds.arrow_forward
- Citing data from the results table, tell which antibiotic is most effective against this type of bacterium. Citing data from the results table, which antibiotic if least effective against this type of bacterium. Explain how you determined the level of effectiveness. Describe what that Petri dish looked like. Hint(a most effective antibiotic has a larger clear area around the antibiotic disk. (a least effective antibiotic has a smaller clear area around antibiotic disk.)arrow_forwardwrite a brief summary on the KPC bacteria, What clinical significance does this organism have for humans? (What disease/infections does it cause in humans?) What is the mode of transmission to humans? (How do you get an infection with this organism?) What is the worldwide geographic distribution for this organism? (Where is it found, have there been any reported cases or outbreaks lately?)arrow_forwardThe graph shows the effect of a bactericidal agent on a bacteria. Describe what is happening.arrow_forward
- In a series of infection experiments, a researcher discovers that the ID50 value for the infectious bacterium Parasiticum mucoides is 100, and that the ID50 for another infectious bacterium, Donoteatum thisbacterium, is 15,000. Given these data, a person exposed to 1,000 bacteria of each type would be more likely to be infected by which bacterium? Group of answer choices There is no way to know given the information provided Both infections are equally likely Parasiticum mucoides Donoteatum thisbacteriumarrow_forwardNote that it is not appropriate to self-diagnose outside of a medical context and this is a completely hypothetical scenario. Imagine you have a rash on your foot. You're concerned that it's an infection and inoculate a sample onto an agar plate. You wonder, How can I figure out whether the pathogen is a bacterium vs a eukaryote? You decide to use lab supplies to get a basic understanding of the pathogen. Be specific about what tests you use and what you expect the results to be. Limit yourself to experiments we could do in our lab. What is one experiment you could do, involving culturing the organism?arrow_forwardNote that it is not appropriate to self-diagnose outside of a medical context and this is a completely hypothetical scenario. Imagine you have a rash on your foot. You're concerned that it's an infection and inoculate a sample onto an agar plate. You wonder, How can I figure out whether the pathogen is a bacterium vs a eukaryote? You decide to use lab supplies to get a basic understanding of the pathogen. Be specific about what tests you use and what you expect the results to be. Limit yourself to experiments we could do in our lab. What is a procedure you could do, involving making a slide of the organism?arrow_forward
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Bacterial Structure and Functions; Author: Osmosis;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b15Hy3jCPDs;License: Standard youtube license