BIO 1408/09 LAB
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781307081701
Author: Mader
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 1TC
The compound malonate , a substrate of the citric acid cycle, can be poisonous at high concentrations because it can block
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Name the molecules that conserve most of the energy from the redox reactions of the citric acid cycle (see Figure 9.12). How is this energy converted to a form that can be used to make ATP?
Since no molecular oxygen participates in the citric acid cycle, the steps in which acetyl groups are oxidized to CO2 involve removal of hydride ions and hydrogen ions. What is the acceptor of hydride ions? What is the acceptor of hydrogen ions?
The reaction pictured is an oxidation-reduction reaction in the citric acid cycle in which the energy-carrier molecule NADH is
generated. Identify which molecule in the reaction will be oxidized and which molecule will be reduced. Place a single answer
choice in each box.
COO-
HO-C-H
H-C-H
COO-
Malate
NAD+ NADH + H+
Oxidized
malate
oxaloacetate
COO-
H-C-H
ī
COO-
Oxaloacetate
Reduced
NADH
NAD+
Chapter 7 Solutions
BIO 1408/09 LAB
Ch. 7.1 - Explain the role of cellular respiration in a cellCh. 7.1 - State the overall reaction for glucose breakdown.Ch. 7.1 - List the four phases of cellular respiration, and...Ch. 7.1 - Explain why cellular respiration is needed by the...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 7.1 - Summarize the four stages of cellular respiration,...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 1ACh. 7.1 - Prob. 2ACh. 7.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 7.2 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 7.2 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 7.2 - Contrast the energy-investment step of glycolysis...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 7.2 - Prob. 3ACh. 7.2 - Prob. 4ACh. 7.3 - Explain why fermentation pathways are beneficial...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 7.3 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 7.3 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 7.3 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 7.3 - Prob. 5ACh. 7.3 - Prob. 6ACh. 7.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 7.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 7.4 - 3. Identify the inputs and outputs of each pathway...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 4LOCh. 7.4 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 7.4 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 7.4 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 7.4 - Prob. 7ACh. 7.4 - Prob. 8ACh. 7.4 - Prob. 9ACh. 7.4 - Prob. 10ACh. 7.4 - Prob. 11ACh. 7.4 - Prob. 12ACh. 7.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 7.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 7.5 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 7.5 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 7.5 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 7.5 - Prob. 13ACh. 7.5 - Prob. 14ACh. 7.5 - Prob. 15ACh. 7 - Prob. 1BYBCh. 7 - Prob. 2BYBCh. 7 - How are other organic nutrients, such as fats and...Ch. 7 - Prob. S3.2BYBCh. 7 - Prob. S4.4BYBCh. 7 - Prob. S5.2BYBCh. 7 - The compound malonate , a substrate of the citric...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2TCCh. 7 - Prob. 3TCCh. 7 - Prob. 4TC
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- match the cofactor with its function in the citric acid cycle by entering the number corresponding with the function. A given function may be used more than one time or not at all. Use from the following list of functions to fill in the table below: carries O2 carries small carbon-containing molecules carries e- carries small nitrogen-containing molecules Cofactor Function NAD+/NADH FAD/FADH2 CoA thiamine biotinarrow_forwardWhat is the net reaction of the citric acid cycle? What happens to each product? OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION: 3A) Thoroughly explain the biological significance of NADH/H* and FADH₂ and their roles in oxidative phosphorylation. 3B) Describe and diagram the general pathway of the electrons from NADH/H+ and FADH2 to 02 during the electron transport chain. 3C) What is "chemiosmotic coupling", and what is its relationship to ATP synthesis? 3D) During oxidative phosphorylation, what is oxidized and what is phosphorylated?arrow_forwardThe citric acid cycle operates only when O2 is present, yet O2 is not a substrate for the cycle. Explain.arrow_forward
- The citric acid cycle generates NADH and FADH2, which are then used in the process of oxidative phosphorylation to make ATP. If the citric acid cycle (which does not use oxygen) and oxidative phosphorylation are separate processes, as they are, then why is it that the citric acid cycle stops almost immediately when O2 is removed?arrow_forwardStep 6 of the citric acid cycle is shown. Which statement best describes the role of FAD in this reaction? CH₂ lal CH₂ FAD FADH₂ CO₂ CO₂ succinate CH CH fumarate OA) FAD causes the oxidation of succinate to form fumarate. B) FAD causes succinate to undergo hydration to form fumarate. C) FAD causes the isomerication of succinate to form fumarate. D) FAD causes the reduction of succinate to form fumarate.arrow_forwardDoes any step of the citric acid cycle directly produce ATP? Explain.arrow_forward
- Although molecular oxygen (O2) does not participate directly in any of the reactions of the citric acid cycle, the cycle operates only when O2 is present. Explain this observation.arrow_forwardThe end product of glycolysis, pyruvate, cannot enter as such into the citric acid cycle. Which process converts this C3 compound to a C2 compound?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the sixth step of Citric Acid Cycle? Select one: a. Succinate is oxidized to become fumarate forming FADH2 b. alpha-ketoglutarate is oxidized and decarboxylated to produce Succinyl-CoA, Carbon dioxide and NADH c. Isocitrate and then decarboxylated and oxidized to produce alpha-ketoglutarate, Carbon dioxide and NADH d. Oxaloacetate combines with the acetyl from acetyl-CoA to produce Citric acid(citrate) e. Malate is oxidized to become oxaloacetate forming NADH f. Fumarate is combined with water to become Malate g. Citrate is rearranged to become Isocitrate h. Pyruvate is decarboxylated to become acetyl-CoA producing NADH and Carbon dioxide i. Succinyl-CoA becomes Succinate and forms one ATP molecule and Coenzyme A-SHarrow_forward
- What enzymes from the citric acid cycle that are allosterically regulated by ATP and/or NADH? What enzymes from the citric acid cycle that allosterically regulated by NAD+?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the second step of Citric Acid Cycle? Select one: a. Isocitrate and then decarboxylated and oxidized to produce alpha-ketoglutarate, Carbon dioxide and NADH b. Succinyl-CoA becomes Succinate and forms one ATP molecule and Coenzyme A-SH c. alpha-ketoglutarate is oxidized and decarboxylated to produce Succinyl-CoA, Carbon dioxide and NADH d. Malate is oxidized to become oxaloacetate forming NADH e. Fumarate is combined with water to become Malate f. Citrate is rearranged to become Isocitrate g. Pyruvate is decarboxylated to become acetyl-CoA producing NADH and Carbon dioxide h. Oxaloacetate combines with the acetyl from acetyl-CoA to produce Citric acid(citrate) i. Succinate is oxidized to become fumarate forming FADH2arrow_forwardThe citric acid cycle is frequently described as the major pathway of aerobic catabolism, which means that it is an oxygen-dependent degradative process. However, none of the reactions of the cycle directly involve oxygen as a reactant. Why is the pathway oxygen dependent?arrow_forward
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