Prescott's Microbiology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781260211887
Author: WILLEY, Sandman, Wood
Publisher: McGraw Hill
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Textbook Question
Chapter 6.4, Problem 2.3CC
Define the following terms: tumor, neoplasia, anaplasia, metastasis, proto-oncogene, oncogene, and tumor suppressor gene.
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Define the following terms: tumor, neoplasia, anaplasia, metastasis, proto-oncogene, oncogene, and tumor suppressor gene.
Which of the following is true of tumor suppressor genes?
Group of answer choices
a) If this gene is overactive, it becomes an oncogene
b) If one of the alleles is mutated, there is usually little effect. Two inactivating mutations are usually required for loss of function (recessive mutation).
c) If one copy is lost, the gene no longer functions (dominant mutation)
d) Tumor suppressors genes usually cause mitosis or cell growth
e) Tumor suppressor genes decrease apoptosis
Describe the genetic changes that inactivate tumor-suppressor genes.
Chapter 6 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 6.2 - MICRO INQUIRY Which capsids are icosahedral? Which...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 2MICh. 6.2 - MICRO INQUIRY Why is T4 said to have binal...Ch. 6.2 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply 1. How are viruses similar...Ch. 6.2 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply 2. What is the difference...Ch. 6.2 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply 3. Compare the structure of...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 6.2 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply 5. All four nucleic acid...Ch. 6.3 - MICRO INQUIRY Which of these mechanisms involves...Ch. 6.3 - MICRO INQUIRY Why do the empty capsids remain...
Ch. 6.3 - Explain why the receptors that viruses have...Ch. 6.3 - What probably plays the most important role in...Ch. 6.3 - How do you think the complexity of the viral...Ch. 6.3 - In general, DNA viruses can be much more dependent...Ch. 6.3 - Consider the origin of viral envelopes and suggest...Ch. 6.3 - Why are the proteins involved in virion assembly...Ch. 6.4 - Why is a lysogen considered a new or different...Ch. 6.4 - Define the terms lysogeny, temperate phage,...Ch. 6.4 - What advantages might a phage gain by being...Ch. 6.4 - Describe lysogenic conversion and its...Ch. 6.4 - How does a latent infection differ from a chronic...Ch. 6.4 - What is a cytocidal infection? What is a...Ch. 6.4 - Define the following terms: tumor, neoplasia,...Ch. 6.4 - Distinguish the mechanism by which dsDNA viruses...Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 1MICh. 6.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 6.5 - Given that viruses must be cultivated to make...Ch. 6.7 - What are viroids and why are they of great...Ch. 6.7 - How does a viroid differ from a virus? From a...Ch. 6.7 - What is a prion? In what way does a prion differ...Ch. 6.7 - Prob. 4CCCh. 6 - Prob. 1RCCh. 6 - Prob. 2RCCh. 6 - Many classification schemes are used to identify...Ch. 6 - The origin and evolution of viruses is...Ch. 6 - Consider the separate stages of an animal virus...
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- Match each definition with the corresponding term concerning genes involved in tumor formation. Proto-oncogenes Oncogenes Tumor suppressor genes Haploinsufficiency Answer Bank a gene whose function drives uncontrolled cell division and tumorigenesis a gene regulating cell division that can be mutated into a tumorigenic form a gene that protects a cell from progressing toward cancer a condition in which a single copy of a gene fails to produce enough gene product for normal functionarrow_forwardCompare and contrast oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Contrast oncogenes and proto-oncogenes. Describe the types of mutations that convert proto-oncogenes into oncogenes. Summarize some functions of common oncogenes in cell survival and uncontrolled growth. Contrast tumor suppressors to oncogenes. Describe the types of mutations in tumor suppressors that are found in common cancers. Summarize the functions of common tumor suppressors in cell survival and cell growth.arrow_forwardTissues and differentiation a)Explain what is meant by termination and differentiation ).b) Explain the difference between an oncogenic and a tumour suppressor gene and describe how they are involved in the onset of cancerarrow_forward
- 1. a)Proteins that stimulate/promote progression through the cell cycle are encoded by (oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes). Boldface one. b)Proteins that inhibit progression through the cell cycle are encoded by (oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes). Boldface one. c)What is the difference between a proto-oncogene and an oncogene? d)To cause cancer, proto-oncogenes require (1 or 2)allele(s) to be mutated and therefore are considered (dominant or recessive). The mutation results in a (loss or gain) of function. For each underlined pair, boldface one. e)To cause cancer, tumor suppressor genes require (1 or 2)allele(s) to be mutated and therefore are considered (dominant or recessive). The mutation results in a (loss or gain) of function. For each underlined pair, boldface one.arrow_forwardTissues and differentiation: a) Explain what is meant by determination and differentiation b) Explain the difference between an oncogene and a tumor suppressor gene and describe how they are involved in the development of cancerarrow_forwardOne of the major characteristics of cancer is uncontrolled proliferation of cells. There are several more characteristics of cancer, name TWO more:arrow_forward
- Define oncogene, proto-oncogene, and tumor-suppressor gene.arrow_forwardDescribe the key characteristics of cancer.arrow_forwardOut of these 8 hallmarks ( sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, activating invasion and metastasis, deregulating cellular energetics and metabolism, and avoiding immune destruction). Rank them from least important to most for cancer development. Explain in 2-3 sentences how.arrow_forward
- Explain why mutations in tumor suppressor genes are recessive (both copies of the gene must be defective for the regulation of cell division to be defective), whereas mutations in oncogenes are dominant.arrow_forward#1) Hyperplastic growth are not cancerous yet but show a higher than normal proliferation rate. True False #2) When cancer cells have not spread beyond its original site, the term used to describe it is benign growth intraepithelial neoplasia carcinoma stage 3 carcinoma in situ #9) Cancer cells generally have missense mutations in p53 gene, resulting in truncated p53 normally active p53 dominant negative p53 inactive p53 #10) Single or double stranded breaks in DNA activate Chk 1 and 2 kinases, which phosphorylates p53. This results in --- in the level of p53 in the cell. increase decreasearrow_forwardWhat are Tumor Markers ?arrow_forward
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