Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134047799
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 6, Problem 3PDQ
Define these pairs of terms, and distinguish between them.
aneuploidy/euploidy
monosomy/trisomy
Patau syndrome/Edwards syndrome
autopolyploidy/allopolyploidy
autotetraploid/amphidiploid
paracentric inversion/pericentric inversion
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Define these pairs of terms, and distinguish between them.aneuploidy/euploidymonosomy/trisomyPatau syndrome/Edwards syndromeautopolyploidy/allopolyploidyautotetraploid/amphidiploidparacentric inversion/pericentric inversion
Chromosomal abnormalities can interfere with pairing and segregation of homologous chromosomes in meiosis and so lead to infertility problems and unbalanced mutations in gametes. In which of the following do problems occur only when homologous regions recombine, instead of during the simple pairing and segregation of homologous chromosomes?
Group of answer choices
Paracentric inversions
Robertsonian translocations
Translocations
Odd multiples of autopolyploidy
Allopolyploidy with differing n numbers of chromosomes
Define nondisjunction and explain how it causes aneuploidy. Name two syndromes resulting from aneuploidy
Chapter 6 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
Ch. 6 - CASE STUDY| Fish tales Aquatic vegetation...Ch. 6 - CASE STUDY |Fish tales Aquatic vegetation...Ch. 6 - CASE STUDY |Fish tales
Aquatic vegetation...Ch. 6 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on...Ch. 6 -
CONCEPT QUESTION
2. Review the Chapter Concepts...Ch. 6 -
3. Define these pairs of terms, and distinguish...Ch. 6 -
4. For a species with a diploid number of 18,...Ch. 6 - What explanation has been proposed to explain why...Ch. 6 - Contrast the fertility of an allotetraploid with...Ch. 6 -
7. Why do human monosomies most often fail to...
Ch. 6 -
8. Describe the origin of cultivated American...Ch. 6 - Predict how the synaptic configurations of...Ch. 6 - Inversions are said to “suppress crossing over.”...Ch. 6 -
11. Predict the genetic composition of gametes...Ch. 6 - Human adult hemoglobin is a tetramer containing...Ch. 6 -
13. The primrose, Primula kewensis, has 36...Ch. 6 - Certain varieties of chrysanthemums contain 18,...Ch. 6 - Drosophila may be monosomic for chromosome 4, yet...Ch. 6 - Mendelian ratios are modified in crosses involving...Ch. 6 -
17. Having correctly established the F2 ratio in...Ch. 6 -
18. In a cross between two varieties of corn,...Ch. 6 -
19. A couple planning their family are aware that...Ch. 6 -
20. A woman who sought genetic counseling is...Ch. 6 - The woman in Problem 20 has had two miscarriages....Ch. 6 -
22. In a recent cytogenetic study on 1021 cases...Ch. 6 -
23. A boy with Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) is...Ch. 6 - In a human genetic study, a family with five...Ch. 6 - A 3-year-old child exhibited some early indication...Ch. 6 - A normal female is discovered with 45 chromosomes,...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Consider the true diploid plant cell (2n=4) below. The paternally derived blue chromosomesare of two types, metacentric and acrocentric. These chromosomes contain the same gene pattern andstructural features as the maternally derived purple chromosomes. Consider two genes A and B whichare found on the metacentric and acrocentric chromosome pairs, respectively. Assume the father passedon A and B alleles, and the mother passed on a and b alleles. a. Show the possible loci of these genes (specify alleles) on the image. Label both sister chromatids in each chromosome. (Note: Sister chromatids are products of replication.)b. Draw the four possible gametes formed after meiosis assuming there was no crossing over. Label the gene loci.arrow_forwardCompare the following three terms: polyploidy, aneuploidy, and nondisjunction. Briefly discuss examples of each of these conditions.arrow_forwardMatch the following: A duplicated chromosome is made of 2.A maternal and paternal chromosome present together, each with two sister chromatids 3.Semi-condensed DNA made up of coiled nucleosomes. 4.Super-coiled DNA strands. 5.Contains only one copy of each chromosome. 6.Name of an error during meiosis resulting in fewer chromosomes than normal in a zygote or individual (2n-1) 7.General term for an error resulting in the incorrect number of chromosomes in a gamete after meiosis 8.A specific version of a gene, such as blue eye colour 9.A region on a chromosome that codes for a protein 10.Region where chromosomes are attached 11.None of the above (should be selected more than once) with monosomy trisomy aneuploidy centromere gene sister chromatids diploid Haploid tetrad telomere Chromosomes Chromatin allelearrow_forward
- Consider a diploid organism that follows the XX-XO mode of sex determination. Normally, there are 7 chromosomes in its somatic cell. The chromosomal composition is as follows: Chromosome I is a large acrocentric chromosome Chromosome II is a large telocentric chromosome Chromosome III is a small telocentric chromosome Chromosome IV (X chromosome) is a medium submetacentric chromosome Aneuploidy was observed in a particular individual wherein there are three copies of Chromosome III. Diagram how aneuploidy may occur through Mitosis starting from a parent cell at G1 phase. Make sure to distinguish between chromosomes and the following phases of cell division (G1 phase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis). Indicate the chromosome equation and chromosome number of the parent cell and the daughter cells. *S phase and G2 phase purposefully excludedarrow_forwardConsider a diploid organism that follows the XX-XO mode of sex determination. Normally, there are 7 chromosomes in its somatic cell. The chromosomal composition is as follows: Chromosome I is a large acrocentric chromosome Chromosome II is a large telocentric chromosome Chromosome III is a small telocentric chromosome Chromosome IV (X chromosome) is a medium submetacentric chromosome Aneuploidy was observed in a particular individual wherein there are three copies of Chromosome III. Illustrate the source of aneuploidy if it occurs in Meiosis I. Diagram spermatogenesis starting with the primary spermatocyte up to spermatozoa, making sure to distinguish between chromosomes and the different phases of meiosis I (prophase I*, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I). Indicate the respective chromosome equation and chromosome number of the primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatid, and spermatozoon.arrow_forwardDiscuss the following sets of terms: a) trisomy and triploidy, b) aneuploidy and polyploidy.arrow_forward
- Shown below are photomicrographs of Rhoeo tradescantia cells undergoing meiosis. Answer the following question for each of the photomicrographs: Identify the cytogenetic abnormality observed (ex. ring, chain, laggard, bridge). Identify the meiotic stage in which these aberrations are observed (as shown in the photomicrograph). Explain how these aberrations are formed and relate to the possible causal mutation(s). Will this result to sterile and/or fertile gametes? Explain.arrow_forwardUSING TWO DIFFERENT COLORS TO SIGNIFY THE MATERNAL AND PATERNAL CHROMOSOMES, DRAW THE RESPECTIVE CELLS IN EACH LABELED PHASE OF MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS. THE CHROMOSOME NUMBER WILL BE "4" AND SHOULD BE REPRESENTED AS TWO HOMOLOGOUS PAIRS. MAKE SURE YOU USE TWO DIFFERENT SIZES FOR EACH OF THE PAIRS. BELOW EACH PHASE, BRIEFLY DESCRIBE WHAT HAPPENS. MITOSIS ΜEIOSIS I MEIOSIS II Crossing over needs to be illustrated ACCURATE CELL NUMBER IS NEEDED МЕТАРНАSE ΑΝΑΡHASE МЕТАРНASEI ANAPHASE I МЕТАРНАSE II ANAPHASE IIarrow_forwardWhich of the following is false? Group of answer choices With a pericentric inversion, there is no loss in genetic material. Haploinsufficiency is caused by a duplication event causing increased expression of a gene. An effect of aneuploidy is that it changes the dosages of some genes. Pseudodominance indicates that one of the homologous chromosomes has a deletion. Sterility is a possible effect of autopolyploidyarrow_forward
- For a species with a diploid number of 18, indicate how many chromosomes will be present in the somatic nuclei of individuals that are haploid, tetraploid, trisomic, and monosomic.arrow_forwardFor a species with a diploid number of 36, indicate how many chromosomes will be present in the somatic nuclei of individuals that are triploid, tetraploid, monosomic and trisomic.arrow_forwardContrast the genetic composition of gametes derived from tetrads of inversion heterozygotes where crossing over occurs within a paracentric versus a pericentric inversion.Contrast the genetic composition of gametes derived from tetrads of inversion heterozygotes where crossing over occurs within a paracentric versus a pericentric inversion.arrow_forward
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