Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781260411140
Author: Cleveland P Hickman Jr. Emeritus, Susan L. Keen, David J Eisenhour Professor PhD, Allan Larson, Helen I'Anson Associate Professor of Biology
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 6, Problem 1FFT
Explain why the evidence supporting Darwin’s theory of common descent does not depend on the validity of specific hypotheses of evolutionary gradualism or natural selection.
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The theory of evolution by Darwin is a composite theory, i.e. it has five component theories:
1. Evolution as such is the simple proposition that the characteristics of lineages of organisms change over time
2. Common descent is a radically different view of evolution than the scheme Lamarck proposed. Common descent is a concept in evolutionary biology applicable when one species is the ancestor of two or more species later in time.
3. Gradualism – Darwin’s proposition that the differences between even radically different organisms have evolved incrementally, by small steps through intermediate forms. The alternative to this theory, as discussed in later sections, is saltation with great reference to large differences that are believed to have evolved by leaps without intermediates.
4. Populational change – Darwin’s thesis that evolution occurs by changes in the proportions of individuals within a population that have different inherited characteristics.
5. Natural selection – Darwin’s…
The theory of evolution by Darwin is a composite theory, i.e. it has five component theories:
1. Evolution as such is the simple proposition that the characteristics of lineages of organisms change over time
2. Common descent is a radically different view of evolution than the scheme Lamarck proposed. Common descent is a concept in evolutionary biology applicable when one species is the ancestor of two or more species later in time.
3. Gradualism – Darwin’s proposition that the differences between even radically different organisms have evolved incrementally, by small steps through intermediate forms. The alternative to this theory, as discussed in later sections, is saltation with great reference to large differences that are believed to have evolved by leaps without intermediates.
4. Populational change – Darwin’s thesis that evolution occurs by changes in the proportions of individuals within a population that have different inherited characteristics.
5. Natural selection – Darwin’s…
The theory of evolution by Darwin is a composite theory, i.e. it has five component theories:
1. Evolution as such is the simple proposition that the characteristics of lineages of organisms change over time
2. Common descent is a radically different view of evolution than the scheme Lamarck proposed. Common descent is a concept in evolutionary biology applicable when one species is the ancestor of two or more species later in time.
3. Gradualism – Darwin’s proposition that the differences between even radically different organisms have evolved incrementally, by small steps through intermediate forms. The alternative to this theory, as discussed in later sections, is saltation with great reference to large differences that are believed to have evolved by leaps without intermediates.
4. Populational change – Darwin’s thesis that evolution occurs by changes in the proportions of individuals within a population that have different inherited characteristics.
5. Natural selection – Darwin’s…
Chapter 6 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
Ch. 6 - Briefly summarize Lamarcks concept of the...Ch. 6 - What is uniformitarianism? How did it influence...Ch. 6 - Why was the Beagles journey so important to...Ch. 6 - What was the key idea contained in Malthuss essay...Ch. 6 - Explain how each of the following contribute(s) to...Ch. 6 - How do modern evolutionists view the relationship...Ch. 6 - What are the important differences between the...Ch. 6 - What are reproductive barriers? How do premating...Ch. 6 - Under what conditions is sympatric speciation...Ch. 6 - What is the main evolutionary lesson provided by...
Ch. 6 - How is the observation of sporting mutations in...Ch. 6 - What does the theory of punctuated equilibrium...Ch. 6 - Describe the observations and inferences that...Ch. 6 - Identify the random and nonrandom components of...Ch. 6 - Describe some recurring criticisms of Darwins...Ch. 6 - Using the data shown in Figure 6.32, calculate the...Ch. 6 - Assume that you are sampling a trait in animal...Ch. 6 - If after studying a population for a trait...Ch. 6 - Explain why genetic drift is more powerful in...Ch. 6 - Describe how the effects of genetic drift and...Ch. 6 - Is it easier for selection to remove a deleterious...Ch. 6 - Distinguish between microevolution and...Ch. 6 - Explain why the evidence supporting Darwins theory...
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- The theory of evolution by Darwin is a composite theory, i.e. it has five component theories: 1. Evolution as such is the simple proposition that the characteristics of lineages of organisms change over time 2. Common descent is a radically different view of evolution than the scheme Lamarck proposed. Common descent is a concept in evolutionary biology applicable when one species is the ancestor of two or more species later in time. 3. Gradualism – Darwin’s proposition that the differences between even radically different organisms have evolved incrementally, by small steps through intermediate forms. The alternative to this theory, as discussed in later sections, is saltation with great reference to large differences that are believed to have evolved by leaps without intermediates. 4. Populational change – Darwin’s thesis that evolution occurs by changes in the proportions of individuals within a population that have different inherited characteristics. 5. Natural selection – Darwin’s…arrow_forwardThe theory of evolution by Darwin is a composite theory, i.e. it has five component theories: 1. Evolution as such is the simple proposition that the characteristics of lineages of organisms change over time 2. Common descent is a radically different view of evolution than the scheme Lamarck proposed. Common descent is a concept in evolutionary biology applicable when one species is the ancestor of two or more species later in time. 3. Gradualism – Darwin’s proposition that the differences between even radically different organisms have evolved incrementally, by small steps through intermediate forms. The alternative to this theory, as discussed in later sections, is saltation with great reference to large differences that are believed to have evolved by leaps without intermediates. 4. Populational change – Darwin’s thesis that evolution occurs by changes in the proportions of individuals within a population that have different inherited characteristics. 5. Natural selection – Darwin’s…arrow_forwardThe theory of evolution by Darwin is a composite theory, i.e. it has five component theories: 1. Evolution as such is the simple proposition that the characteristics of lineages of organisms change over time 2. Common descent is a radically different view of evolution than the scheme Lamarck proposed. Common descent is a concept in evolutionary biology applicable when one species is the ancestor of two or more species later in time. 3. Gradualism – Darwin’s proposition that the differences between even radically different organisms have evolved incrementally, by small steps through intermediate forms. The alternative to this theory, as discussed in later sections, is saltation with great reference to large differences that are believed to have evolved by leaps without intermediates. 4. Populational change – Darwin’s thesis that evolution occurs by changes in the proportions of individuals within a population that have different inherited characteristics. 5. Natural selection – Darwin’s…arrow_forward
- Darwin was the first person to note that evolutionary outcomes are probabilistic, meaning that they depend on the likelihood of outcomes rather than on certainties. Explain what this means in the context of Darwin’s theory of how evolution occurs? That is, how is Darwin’s theory is dependent upon the chances of a certain outcome and not on the absolute certainty of any particular outcome?arrow_forwardDescribe the two principles of evolution that Charles Darwin proposed: 1) Common Descent with Modification and 2) Natural Selection. Give examples of eacharrow_forwardDiscuss at least two reasons why we cannot consider evolution by natural selection progressive.arrow_forward
- Compare and contrast the neutral theory of evolution and the Darwinian (i.e., selectionist) theory of evolution. Explain why the neutral theory of evolution is sometimes called non-Darwinian evolution.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the history of evolutionary biology is correct? -The Modern Synthesis (or Evolutionary Synthesis) is a period of time in the early 20th century when the Mendelian genetics was integrated into the evolutionary biology. -There are two main parts in the book On the Origin of Species, published by Darwin in 1859: the first is that biological evolution does occur and species arise through descent from common ancestor, with modification, and the second is that natural selection is the main driving force for the process. -The most original contribution by Darwin is the theory of evolution by natural selection. -Modern radiometric dating has pretty much settled the question on the age of the earth. The conclusion is that the earth is old enough for the evolutionary process proposed by Darwin to have taken place. -All of the abovearrow_forwardBriefly discuss the differences in how a selectionist (one that believes that Natural Selection is a strong evolutionary force) and a neutralist (one that believes that genetic drift is a strong evolutionary force) views the following: molecular clock, evolution of coding sequences, evolution of "pseudogenes".arrow_forward
- Darwin's basis of evolution was founded upon several explanations. Identify five of these supporting ideas, explain what they are and also give an example of each.arrow_forwardIn lecture we discussed eight (8) lines of evidence that Darwin used to lay out his argument for the fact of evolution in his book On the Origin of Species (1859). Using your materials from lecture and the last chapter of the "Origin" that we read for section, 1) rank order these lines of evidence based on what you find the most to the least compelling. 2) Be sure to describe each of these lines of evidence and 3) discuss how they are, or not, relevant in the early 21st century. (From old pset1) Evidence Variation in domesticated species and breeding (artificial selection) Hierarchical classification (groups nested within groups) "Unity of type" - modification of the same basic structure (homology) Evident "fit" of organisms to environments (but imperfections) (adaptation) Structures without apparent function (vestigial structures) Similarity of organisms in early phases of development (embryology) Order in diversity through time in the fossil record (paleontology) Order in…arrow_forwardExplain how Darwin evolution can decrease and increase the frequency of an allele(or more complex heritable traits for that matter)arrow_forward
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