Understanding Our Universe
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780393614428
Author: PALEN, Stacy, Kay, Laura, Blumenthal, George (george Ray)
Publisher: W.w. Norton & Company,
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Chapter 6, Problem 19QAP
To determine
The reason why scientist know history of Earth’s magnetic field.
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List and describe the different layers inside the Earth? How does the interior of the Earth create magnetic field? 3 paragraph.
The majority of the research shows that tectonic plates move at the average rate of between approximately 0.60 cm/yr to 10 cm/yr. (a) What distance does it move in 1 s at this speed range? (b) What is its speed in kilometers per million years?
Earth's atmosphere contains just a small amount of carbon dioxide at the present time, because
Earth's volcanoes did not outgas as much carbon dioxide as those on Mars and Venus
Chemical reactions with other gases destroyed the carbon dioxide and replaced it with Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide dissolves in water, and now most of it is contained in oceans and carbonate rocks
Most of the carbon dioxide was lost during the 'heavy bombardment' phase
Chapter 6 Solutions
Understanding Our Universe
Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 6.1CYUCh. 6.2 - Prob. 6.2CYUCh. 6.3 - Prob. 6.3CYUCh. 6.4 - Prob. 6.4CYUCh. 6.5 - Prob. 6.5CYUCh. 6 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 4QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 5QAP
Ch. 6 - Prob. 6QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 7QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 8QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 9QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 10QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 11QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 12QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 13QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 14QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 15QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 16QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 17QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 18QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 19QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 20QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 21QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 22QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 23QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 24QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 25QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 26QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 27QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 28QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 29QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 30QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 31QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 32QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 33QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 34QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 35QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 36QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 37QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 38QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 39QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 40QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 41QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 42QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 43QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 44QAPCh. 6 - Prob. 45QAP
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- Which of the following describes what happens when we burn fossil fuels to produce energy? Fossil fuels release water and air into the atmosphere. A decrease in the overall temperature of the planet. A marked rise in the overall temperature of the planet. Fossil fuels release greenhouse gases into the air.arrow_forwardWe think the terrestrial planets formed around solid “seeds” that later grew over time through the accretion of rocks and metals. a) Suppose the Earth grew to its present size in 1 million years through the accretion of particles averaging 100 grams each. On average, how many particles did the Earth capture per second, given that the mass of the Earth is = 5.972 × 10 ^24 kg ? b) If you stood on Earth during its formation and watched a region covering 100 m^2, how many impacts would you expect to see in one hour. Use the impact rate you calculated in part a. You’ll need the following as well: the radius of the Earth is = 6.371 × 10 ^6 m and the surface area of the Earth is 4??^2Eartharrow_forwardExplain briefly how the following phenomena happen on Earth, relating your answers to the theory of plate tectonics A. earthquakes B. continental drift C. mountain building D. volcanic eruptions E. creation of the Hawaiian island chainarrow_forward
- Which of the five Terrestrial worlds have plate tectonics? How do you know?arrow_forwardOver the entire Earth, there are 60,000 km of active rift zones, with average separation rates of 5 m/ century. How much area of new ocean crust is created each year over the entire planet? (This area is approximately equal to the amount of ocean crust that is subducted since the total area of the oceans remains about the same.)arrow_forwardCO2 and planetary warming: understanding Earth’s complicated atmosphere Mars has an atmospheric pressure of 6 mbar (compared with Earth atmosphere pressure of 1013 mbar), 96% of which is CO2. The average calculated temperature of Mars is -57°C, whereas the actual average temperature is -55°C so that the amount of warming due to CO2 is only 2°C. On the other hand, the average calculated temperature of Earth, with 0.4 mbar of CO2, is -19°C, whereas the actual average temperature is 15°C so that the amount of warming due to CO2 is 34°C, much greater than that on Mars, which has higher CO2 concentration. Explain how this is possible.arrow_forward
- Evidence exists that Mars may have had oceans 0.500 km deep in its early history. We don't know what the atmospheric pressure on Mars was back then, but some studies suggest it may have been as high as 50,000 Pa. What would have been the highest pressure at the bottom of these oceans? Density of water is 1000 kg/m³, gmars = 3.71 m/s².arrow_forwardThe principle cause of our intense interest in Mars in the decades before the dawn of the space age was that Answers: A. a few astronomers believed that they saw evidence of an intelligent civilization on Mars. B. Mars has seasons just like the Earth and therefore should be inhabitable by humans. C. Mars has an unusual surface color and global dust storms, creating strange weather patterns. D. Mars has unusual orbital properties making our understanding of its motion around the Sun very difficult.arrow_forwardHydrothermal vent areas have hydrothermal chimneys, from which hot, mineral-rich water comes out. (This hot water often looks like black smoke, but it's not really smoke, it just has a lot of dark, microscopic mineral grains in it.) Where does this hot water come from? a Ice underneat the seafloor gets melted by volcanic activity, and this extra water comes out of the vents. b It comes directly from the Earth's core, since our core is made of hot, high-pressure water. c It is seawater that went down through cracks, got heated by magma, and rises up to emerge from the seafloor. d Some of the minerals in the Earth's mantle break down and release large volumes of water.arrow_forward
- The runaway greenhouse effect and its inverse, the runaway refrigerator effect, have led to harsh, uninhabitable conditions on Venus and Mars. Does the greenhouse effect always cause climate changes leading to loss of water and life? Give a reason for your answer.arrow_forwardWhat produced the iron and heavier elements such as gold and silver in Earths core and crust?arrow_forward
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