BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 53, Problem 7U
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Optimal foraging theory is a model that helps to determine the animal behavior while searching for food. Food provides energy to the animal, but foraging or searching and capturing of food needs both energy and time. Optimal foraging theory suggests that natural selection favors those animals whose foraging behavior is such energetically efficient that their increased energy reserves result in increased reproductive success.
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According to optimal foraging theory
a. individuals minimize energy intake per unit of time.
b. energy content of a food item is the only determinant of a forager’s food choice.
c. time taken to capture a food item is the only determinant of a forager’s food choice.
d. a higher energy item might be less valuable than a lower energy item if it takes too much time to capture the larger item.
5) According to the optimal foraging theory, which of the following is NOT one of the factors that influence the likelihood of a predator's selecting a prey type?
Question 5 options:
search time required to find alternative prey types
profitability of the prey type
handling time
energy content
probability of their own predation
RobertMacArthur’s observations on the Warblers of North America indicate that they:a.are fiercely competitive.b.cannot coexist.c. reduce competition by feeding duringdifferent times of the day.d.reduce competition by feeding in different zones.e.both are fiercely competitive and cannot coexist.
Chapter 53 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 53.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 53.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 53.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 53.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 53.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 53.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 53.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 53.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 53.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 53.4 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 53.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 53.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 53.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 53.5 - Prob. 3LOCh. 53.6 - Prob. 1LOCh. 53.7 - Define migration.Ch. 53.7 - Prob. 2LOCh. 53.7 - Prob. 3LOCh. 53.8 - Prob. 1LOCh. 53.8 - Prob. 2LOCh. 53.8 - Prob. 3LOCh. 53.9 - Prob. 1LOCh. 53.9 - Prob. 2LOCh. 53.10 - Prob. 1LOCh. 53.10 - Prob. 2LOCh. 53.11 - Prob. 1LOCh. 53.11 - Prob. 2LOCh. 53.11 - Prob. 3LOCh. 53.12 - Prob. 1LOCh. 53.12 - Prob. 2LOCh. 53.12 - Prob. 3LOCh. 53.13 - Prob. 1LOCh. 53.13 - Prob. 2LOCh. 53.13 - Prob. 3LOCh. 53 - Prob. 1DACh. 53 - Prob. 2DACh. 53 - Prob. 3DACh. 53 - Prob. 4DACh. 53 - Prob. 5DACh. 53 - Prob. 1IQCh. 53 - Prob. 2IQCh. 53 - Prob. 3IQCh. 53 - What factors might be responsible for the slight...Ch. 53 - Prob. 1UCh. 53 - Prob. 2UCh. 53 - The study of song development in sparrows showed...Ch. 53 - Prob. 4UCh. 53 - Prob. 5UCh. 53 - Prob. 6UCh. 53 - Prob. 7UCh. 53 - Prob. 8UCh. 53 - In the haplodiploidy system of sex determination,...Ch. 53 - Prob. 10UCh. 53 - Prob. 11UCh. 53 - Prob. 1ACh. 53 - Refer to figure 54.25. Six pairs of birds were...Ch. 53 - Prob. 3ACh. 53 - Prob. 1SCh. 53 - Behavioral genetics has made great advances from...Ch. 53 - If a female bird chooses to live in the territory...
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- If the rate of some process is governed by the abundance of prey individuals, we say that it is prey-dependent. Give some examples of prey-dependent processes.arrow_forwardYou are studying the diet of American bison. You gather the data in the graph below on the effort bison invest (gray bars, left hand Y-axis) in obtaining different types of grass (X-axis) and the energy content in calories of the grasses (white bars, right hand Y-axis). According to these data, which type of grass would optimal foraging theory predict bison choose? Handling time (seconds) Grama Broma 30 Fescue 20 10 Bluestem Fescue Switchgrass Bluestem Grama Switchgrass Broma 9 6 3 0 (Calories) Energy contentarrow_forwardWhich of the following is a cost of living in groups? a. Increased risk of disease transmission b. Reduced competition c. Decreased ability to detect predators d. Decreased visibility to predatorsarrow_forward
- Optimal foraging theory suggest that a predator selects among possible prey based on their relative profitability (energy gained per unit of energy expended). Do you think that predator directly evaluate the profitability of potential prey items before selecting or rejecting them ? If not, how mighta foraging strategy evolve ?arrow_forwardAccording to optimal foraging theory.. organisms will have a tendency to select the smallest prey available if they are common, rather than exert more energy in capturing larger prey. predators will always maximize their rate of energy gain when they forage for more than 1 prey type. an organism can gain unlimited resources if it invests more energy into increasing its food intake. a predator will include prey with high handling times in their diet as long as their energy of rate intake increases.arrow_forwardOptimal foraging theory can make predictions about an animal’s food choice. Which of the following is the most accurate statement about optimal diet breadth as resource quality, handling time and distribution changes? As handling time increases, animals should specialize As the distance between resources increases, animals should generalize As the energy content of the resources increases, animals should generalize As the distance between patches increases, animals should stay longer in a patch The following diagrams show four distribution patterns of resources. Each circle represents one unit of a resource, say, a food item. For which of these distributions would the Marginal Value Theorem be useful for making predictions about optimal foraging behavior. (Shown in image)arrow_forward
- This is a system dynamics model of the Lotka-Volterra Predator-Prey model. The two stocks in the model are prey and predators. The _________ __________ of the prey and predators change in response to the inflows ______and outflows_____. Each iteration the stock changes by the inflows minus the outflows, or ___________________________. The ___________ feedback is the result of the interconnections between the predator and the prey. The prey _________ the predators, and the predators ________the prey. This simple interaction allows the system to _____________. When the predators ________the prey, the small numbers of prey leads to the predators __________. With a __________ in predators the prey_____________, and the cycle continues.arrow_forwardinterpret the following graph: In the graph, the number of days are 18.. 1 day is equal to 60 sec. days are taken on x-axis. The mean foraging times are taken on y-axis.arrow_forwardIn the Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model, the term for the rate of prey capture as a function of prey abundance is a. exponential response O b. functional response С. numerical response O d. logistic responsearrow_forward
- Name two other environmental factors which can affect the success of a predator.arrow_forwardInterpret the following graphs: In the graphs, the number of days are 18.. 1 day is equal to 60 sec. For the first graph, days are taken on x-axis. The mean foraging times are taken on y-axis. For the 2nd graph, percentage of prey caught during first half of winter(1-6days) were taken on x-axis and percentage of prey caught during 2nd half of winter(7-12days) were taken on y-axis.arrow_forwardInterpret the following graphs: In the graphs, the number of days are 18.. 1 day is equal to 60 sec. For the first graph, days are taken on x-axis. The mean foraging times are taken on y-axis.arrow_forward
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