Biology
Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 51.4, Problem 2CS
Summary Introduction

To determine: The other context in which an individual learn about positive feedback in female reproduction.

Introduction: Feedback mechanism is defined as a closed loop system in which the output of a particular biochemical event is rooted back to the organ which affects the biochemical event. This feedback can either accelerate or decelerate the biochemical reaction. Based on the ability of the feedback signal to accelerate or decelerate there are two types of feedback mechanisms positive feedback and negative feedback. In positive feedback, the end product increases the overall rate of reaction by stimulating an enzyme in the reaction pathway. In negative feedback, the end product accumulates and inhibits the action of the first enzyme thereby slowing the reaction.

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A woman is in labor. The size of the fetus combined with the contractions of the uterine muscular layer stretches the uterine wall, stimulating stretch receptors in the cervix. Signals from these receptors are conducted through nerves to the hypothalamus/posterior pituitary. The hypothalamus/posterior pituitary releases oxytocin. The oxytocin travels through the blood and stimulates the smooth muscle layer of the uterus. Oxytocin has two effects on the uterine smooth muscle:1. Itdirectlystimulatesthesmoothmuscletocontractmorefrequentlyandmoreforcefully.2. Itcausestheuterinewalltoreleaseprostaglandins,whichincreasethefrequencyandforceofthe contractions even more.These effects push the fetus more forcefully into the cervix, stimulating the stretch receptors further. The receptors send additional impulses to the hypothalamus/posterior pituitary. The increased activation of the hypothalamus/posterior pituitary stimulates release of additional oxytocin, which further stimulates the uterus.…
In males, stimulates the Leydig cells to produce Progesterone; testosterone Luteinizing hormone (LH); testosterone Estrogen; sperm O Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH); inhibin
Select all that help prepare the uterus for labor Unpregulation of oxytocin receptors Increasing calming effect from elevated estrogen level Atrophy of the myometrium Initiation of menstruation
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