What activity during oocyte activation prevents penetration by additional sperm? Also, after a sperm finds the ovum, list and briefly describe three main steps that have to occur, between the sperm and the ovum, that would lead to the moment of conception.

Q: Hormonal birth control pills contain low doses of estrogen and progesterone.  Taking these pills…

A: FSH helps control the menstrual cycle and stimulates the growth of eggs in the ovaries.  LH triggers…

Q: Internal genitalia like the vagina, uterus, and ovaries in females, and the testes, epididymis, and…

A: Disorder of sex development (DSD) is a phenomenon that occurs in several organisms in which slight…

Q: What structural and biochemical changes does the spermatid undergo during permiogenesis? How do…

A: spermiogenesis is the final stage of spermatogenesis that involves maturation of spermatids into…

Q: hormonal birth control in humans is very effective, and is also reversible.  Briefly explain how it…

A: Any means of preventing pregnancy is referred to as birth control. Condoms, IUDs, birth control…

Q: Create one comprehensive illustration of the ovarian and menstrual cycle. For the ovarian cycle,…

A: The female reproductive system is involved in the production of female sex cells, such as egg cells…

Q: Outline the role of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary axis in parturition and given reasons why this…

A: The HPA axis is the main physiological system that mediates the body's stress response. It plays a…

Q: During an erection, the corpus spongiosum never becomes as engorged with blood (never gets as hard)…

A: Reproduction is the process through which an organism produces offspring. Reproduction is…

Q: Explain how hormones secreted by the pituitary gland, ovary, and chorion regulate the development of…

A: The term ‘reproduction’ is used for the process in which an offspring is produced from their…

Q: define organogenesis and indicate the important roles of the three primary germ layers in this…

A: Gastrulation is the process of early embryonic development where blastula transforms to form three…

Q: Describe TWO positive feedback loops that are part of parturition and/or lactation.  For each…

A: There are two mechanisms that operates in the body: Positive feedback and negative feedback.…

Q: Explain how breast milk is formed in the mammary glands and the physiology of breast milk

A: Breasts begin to develop at puberty. This development is stimulated by various hormones of the…

Q: Name and describe each of the three stages of prenatal development. Then go on to explain the…

A: Fertilization is the mechanism through which the haploid gametes fuse to form a diploid cell. The…

Q: Describe the role of pregnancy hormones during human pregnancy. What hormones prepare the mammary…

A: Several hormones are secreted from the placenta to maintain the pregnancy and to prepare the body…

Q: types hormones estrogen and progesterone. One outcome of taking birth control is prevention of…

A: Birth control can be defined as any method or device used to prevent pregnancy. It is also known as…

Q: What barriers must a sperm cross in order to fuse with the egg? How does the sperm accomplish this…

A: The union of two haploid gametes, the spermatozoa and the oocyte, hereafter referred to as the egg,…

Q: An oocyte lives for only 24 hours after ovulation if it is not fertilized. The trip down the uterine…

A: The Fallopian tube serve as the site for fertilization. Fertilization specifically occur in the…

Q: non-pregnant female's uterus shed its lining (the outer endometrial layer) every 4 weeks and then…

A: Pregnancy induces physiological changes in body functions to nurture the growth and development in…

Q: OPU can be done in cows every 3-4 days to obtain oocytes/eggs in the absence of ovarian…

A: Ovum pick up (OPU) is the interaction by which oocytes (egg cells) are suctioned from the follicles…

Q: Identify the stem cells found in ovaries of a female embryo/fetus

A: Stem cells are the cells that are special human cells able to develop into many different cell…

Q: Explain how the three germ layers are involved in forming the extraembryonic membranes, and discuss…

A: Embryonic development is also known as embryogenesis, is the development of an embryo and its…

Q: list the 6 orders of follicular development. Then list which cells and what hormones are found…

A: The process of development or maturation of the ovarian follicle is known as follicle development.…

Q: Define the process of lactation? List the hormones involved in pregnancy and lactation process.

A: Lactation can be defined as the secretion of milk from the mammary glands to feed her young. The…

Q: State and describe the stages of Labor

A: There are three stages of labor.

Q: Ovulation in mammals, whether it is induced or spontaneous,occurs in response to a surge of…

A: Luteinizing hormone (LH) is a gonadotropin.

Q: Describe the processes of fertilization and implantation

A: Fertilization: The process of fertilization involves the fusion of the nuclei of the male sperm with…

Q: After fertilization a developing embryos goes through several changes. At about 2-3 days, what is…

A: During fertilization the haploid gametes, that is, sperm from a male and secondary oocyte from…

Q: Sometimes a sperm cell fertilizes a polar body rather than a secondary oocyte. An embryo does not…

A: The last stage oogenesis results in the formation of two types of haploid cells; a secondary oocyte…

Q: QUESTI ON 6 Although observations and experimental results implicate nAG in salamander limb…

A: The adult salamander has limb cells that regenerate. The limb regeneration in the salamander depends…

Q: List the hormones responsible for oogenesis, and explain each hormone’s effect on oogenesis.

A: Oogenesis is the process of formation of ovum from primordial germ cells of the ovarian lining.…

Q: Why does the estrogen released at the follicular phase inhibit FSH levels by a negative feedback…

A: FSH and LH are gonadotropin hormones which are secreted from the anterior pituitary. They play major…

Q: Implantation of a blastocyst does not always happen.  Approximately how many days after…

A: Fertilization of the secondary oocyte in the oviduct forms zygote which in turn divides by cleavage.…

Q: Sometimes the egg and sperm fail to meet and conception does not take place. What are the leading…

A: Human reproduction involves the formation of sexual gametes (egg and sperm) and fusion of…

Q: Describe the functions performed by the placenta for the developing embryo, and in each case,…

A: Human females give birth to live offspring. The fetus is attached to the uterus by an umbilical…