Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 50.3, Problem 2R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The pH of the solution does not change when hormones that cause HCl (hydrochloric acid) secretion in the stomach are added to a ground-up piece of the stomach wall.
Introduction:
The major function of the stomach is to store the food consumed and provide it to the small intestine slowly so that the speed of digestion remain slower than the speed of food consumption. HCl is secreted in the stomach and helps to kill potential pathogens along with the break down of proteins.
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Suppose you have a test tube containing olive oil and pancreatic lipase in a pH 7.0 buffer incubating at 37°C for 1 hour.
a) Identify two different observations or measurements you can make in order to determine whether digestion of the oil occurred.
b) Do you think digestion occurs under these conditions? What could have made digestion more efficient?
Digestion of proteins in the acidic environment of the stomach is carried
out by the enzyme pepsin. A different enzyme, called trypsin, digests
proteins in the neutral environment of our small intestine. The amount of
each enzyme are the same and the amount of substrate is the same
between the stomach and small intestine. Explain why our bodies use two
different enzymes to digest proteins in the stomach and the small
intestine.
The movement of amino acids across simple columnar epithelium of the small intestine in tube the blood represents what?
Chapter 50 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
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- Introduction to Experiment 2: Protein Digestion by Pepsin In this experiment, we will look at for evidence of protein digestion using albumin, a protein, and Biuret reagent. Biuret reagent is used to test for the presence of proteins, or more specifically, peptide bonds. When long polypeptide chains are present the solution will turn violet, and when shorter polypeptide chains are present the solution will turn a lighter pink color. What is/are the end product(s) of protein digestion? ____________________________________________________________ What is the purpose of the enzyme pepsin? _______________________________________________________________________ If protein digestion has occurred, will the solution be violet or pink (choose one)? _________________ Hypotheses/Predictions (See Methods section for details): What color do you expect the solution to turn when the P tubes are mixed with Biuret solution and why? P1…arrow_forwardIntroduction to Experiment 2: Protein Digestion by Pepsin In this experiment, we will look at for evidence of protein digestion using albumin, a protein, and Biuret reagent. Biuret reagent is used to test for the presence of proteins, or more specifically, peptide bonds. When long polypeptide chains are present the solution will turn violet, and when shorter polypeptide chains are present the solution will turn a lighter pink color. What is/are the end product(s) of protein digestion? Amino acids What is the purpose of the enzyme pepsin? It helps in the digestion of proteins by breaking down the peptide bonds between amino acids into smaller peptides If protein digestion has occurred, will the solution be violet or pink (choose one)? Hypotheses/Predictions (See Methods section for details): What color do you expect the solution to turn when the P tubes are mixed with Biuret solution and why? P1 P2 P3 P4 The least protein digestion (or none at all) will take place in tubes…arrow_forwardWith respect to pH, what would happen if the stomach emptied rapidly into the small intestine? Why would this be bad for digestion?arrow_forward
- Our stomachs secrete hydrochloric acid. What functions does this hydrochloric acid serve?arrow_forwardThere is another digestive enzyme (other than salivary amylase) that is secreted by the salivary glands. Research to determine what this enzyme is called. What substrate does it act on? Where in the body does it become activated and why?arrow_forwardIf proteases such as pepsin and trypsin digest protein, why do not they digest the stomach and small intestine, which are made from proteins?arrow_forward
- Suppose that you perform an experiment to observe the effect of temperature and pH on the enzymatic activity of salivary amylase using the Iodine test, and starch as the substrate. Complete the table below: Temperature (°C) Color of solution Rank (1 - greatest digestion and 3 - least digestion) with I2 4 37 100 pH Color of solution Rank (1 - greatest digestion and 3 -least digestion) with I2 4 7 10arrow_forwardWhy does saliva hydrolyze starch in the mouth but not in the stomach?arrow_forwardDigestion of protein is a tricky business because you don’t want to digest the wall of the GI system in the process. Explain how the GI system gets proteolytic enzymes activated without digesting itself.arrow_forward
- Carbohydrates and lipids are composed of the same chemical elements, but in different proportions. Both are used as energy sources for cell metabolism. Which type of molecule has the higher calorie content per gram. Explain..arrow_forwardA17) Phosphatase is an enzyme involved in the chemical digestion of _________. Group of answer choices Proteins Carbohydrates Nucleic Acids Lipids A18) Lactase is an enzyme involved in the chemical digestion of _________. Group of answer choices Nucleic Acids Proteins Lipids Carbohydrates A19) The brush border enzymes are the final group of enzymes to perform chemical digestion in the small intestine. Group of answer choices False True A20) The substance that stimulates the liver to rapidly produce and secrete bile is called ___________. Group of answer choices Gastrin Pepsin Intrinsic factor Secretin Cholecystokininarrow_forwardThe catabolic enzyme alpha-amylase is active in some parts of the digestive system but not in others. What property of aqueous solutions controls its level of activity and how? If this property was out of the normal range in the areas of the digestive system where the enzyme is normally active, how would the catabolism of the substrate of alpha-amylase be affected?arrow_forward
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