21st Century Astronomy
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780393428063
Author: Kay
Publisher: NORTON
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Chapter 5, Problem 8QP
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5. Does a mass transfer process have to involve heat transfer? Describe a process that involves
both heat and mass transfer.
6. The following formula gives the equilibrium temperature for a planet (in Kelvin) based on
5. The number densityN/Vof gas molecules at a certain location in the space above our planetis about 1.00×1011m−3, and the pressure at the same location is 2.75×10−10N/m2. Whatis the temperature there?
3. The solar constant (Gsc) measured by a scientist is reported as 1385 W/m2. Assume the
total hemispherical emissivity is 0.90 on the sun's surface.
temperature (in absolute temperature) on sun by using the following information:
Estimate the surface
Diameter of sun = 1.39 x 10° km
Diameter of earth = 1.28 x 10 km
Thickness of atmosphere on earth=40 km
%3!
Average distance between sun and earth = 1.495 x 108 km
Suggested reading materials: The chapters regarding "Fundamentals of Thermal Radiation"
and "Radiation Exchange between Black Surfaces" in any Heat Transfer textbook.
Chapter 5 Solutions
21st Century Astronomy
Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 5.1ACYUCh. 5.1 - Prob. 5.1BCYUCh. 5.2 - Prob. 5.2CYUCh. 5.3 - Prob. 5.3CYUCh. 5.4 - Prob. 5.4CYUCh. 5.5 - Prob. 5.5CYUCh. 5 - Prob. 1QPCh. 5 - Prob. 2QPCh. 5 - Prob. 3QPCh. 5 - Prob. 4QP
Ch. 5 - Prob. 5QPCh. 5 - Prob. 6QPCh. 5 - Prob. 7QPCh. 5 - Prob. 8QPCh. 5 - Prob. 9QPCh. 5 - Prob. 10QPCh. 5 - Prob. 11QPCh. 5 - Prob. 12QPCh. 5 - Prob. 13QPCh. 5 - Prob. 14QPCh. 5 - Prob. 15QPCh. 5 - Prob. 16QPCh. 5 - Prob. 17QPCh. 5 - Prob. 18QPCh. 5 - Prob. 19QPCh. 5 - Prob. 20QPCh. 5 - Prob. 21QPCh. 5 - Prob. 22QPCh. 5 - Prob. 23QPCh. 5 - Prob. 24QPCh. 5 - Prob. 25QPCh. 5 - Prob. 26QPCh. 5 - Prob. 27QPCh. 5 - Prob. 28QPCh. 5 - Prob. 29QPCh. 5 - Prob. 30QPCh. 5 - Prob. 31QPCh. 5 - Prob. 32QPCh. 5 - Prob. 33QPCh. 5 - Prob. 34QPCh. 5 - Prob. 35QPCh. 5 - Prob. 36QPCh. 5 - Prob. 37QPCh. 5 - Prob. 38QPCh. 5 - Prob. 39QPCh. 5 - Prob. 40QPCh. 5 - Prob. 41QPCh. 5 - Prob. 42QPCh. 5 - Prob. 43QPCh. 5 - Prob. 44QPCh. 5 - Prob. 45QP
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- Two stars, A and B, have the same emissivity, but the radii and surface temperatures are different with RA = 0.5RB, and TA = 2TB. Assuming the temperature of space to be negligible, which star radiates the most energy per unit time? a. Star Ab. Star Bc. Both radiate the same amount of energy per unit time.d. More information is needed in order to make a determination.arrow_forward2. Which of the following describes absolute zero? Ro It is the temperature needed to create liquid helium. It is the temperature of the core of Earth. A It is the temperature at which an object is not moving. It is the coldest temperature that scientists have ever measured.arrow_forward5. The clouds that surround Venus are so thick that the planet actually absorbs less sunlight than the Earth. Nevertheless, Venus has a surface temperature of more than 400 degrees Celsius. Which of these best explains the high surface temperature? Da. The bright surfaces of the clouds reflect sunlight back on the planet. Ob. The strong winds in the atmosphere produce friction Oc. The thick clouds in the atmosphere prevent heat from escaping Od. The sulfuric acid in the clouds releases heat energy. e.arrow_forward
- A meteorite enters the Earth's atmosphere at 10 times the speed of sound. If all of the kinetic energy of the meteorite goes into heating up the meteorite, approximately how hot would it get? A. About 300 degrees C. B. About 6000 degrees C C. About 30,000 degrees C D. About 100,000 degrees Carrow_forward13. A hot sphere of radius 0.040 m and an emissivity of 0.80 has a surface temperature of 500 K. How much energy would it radiate in 1 minute (Answer: Q = 855 J)arrow_forward5. The clouds that surround Venus are so thick that the planet actually absorbs less sunlight than the Earth. Nevertheless, Venus has a surface temperature of more than 400 degrees. Celsius. Which of these best explains the high surface temperature? Da. The bright surfaces of the clouds reflect sunlight back on the planet. Ob. The strong winds in the atmosphere produce friction c. The thick clouds in the atmosphere prevent heat from escaping d. The sulfuric acid in the clouds releases heat energy. e.arrow_forward
- 5. What is the scale height of Earth's atmosphere if you assume it is all nitrogen molecules and take the temperature to be 300 K? This is of course a rough estimate, but with it describe what happens to the atmosphere the farther out it is from Earth's surface. Is the definition of the edge of space at 100 km reasonable?arrow_forward1. Explain the forms of energy with basic principle and examples.arrow_forward1. A sphere of surface area 100 m and temperature 500 K radiates 0.2 MW. Calculate: a. The emissivity of the surface. b. The peak wavelength of radiation emitted. C. The intensity at a distance of 100m from the centre. d. The energy absorbed per second by a 2m disc with albedo 0.6 placed with it's plane perpendicular to the direction of the radiation. e. The temperature of the disc when it reaches equilibrium (emissivity of the disc = 1). P= eAoT A = 0.00289/T G- 5.67 x 10* Wm°K* Page 1 1 1 Q +arrow_forward
- 1. Two liters of a perfect gas are at 0 degrees C and 1 atm.If the gas is nitrogen, N2. Determine the mass of the gas. 2. What is the new length of an Aluminum rod 17.4 cm long after being heated to 100C from 20C? coefficient 25x10^-6/C?arrow_forwardQ3. Given the models to estimate the earth and atmosphere temperature, determine the temperature on the surface of an imaginary planet and its atmosphere, given this imaginary planet is exact same size as the earth and has exact same atmosphere as earth, but is a) 125 million km away from the sun, and b) 175 million km away from sun. All 6 model input parameters remain the same as the models used for earth and atmosphere.arrow_forward2. Determine the heat capacity of pure solid aluminum as a function of the temperature, using the Einstein and the Debye models.arrow_forward
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