21st Century Astronomy
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780393428063
Author: Kay
Publisher: NORTON
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Chapter 5, Problem 6QP
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Planets around stars other than the sun have recently been discovered by: *
A. The variation in the Doppler shift in the star's spectrum.
B. The astrometric motion of the stars on the sky.
C. Direct imaging
D. It is impossible to detect planets around other stars
Which statement describes the sun's position relative to planetary orbits?
A. The sun is at the center of each planet's circular orbit.
B. The sun is midway between the foci of each planet's elliptical orbit.
C. The sun is one focus of each planet's elliptical orbit.
D. The sun alternates between the two foci of planetary orbits.
QUESTION 1
Estimate The Temperature For A Planet In Other Solar System (Questions 1-3)
Let us assume scientists just discovered a planet orbiting a star in an extra-solar system. The star has a surface temperature Ts = 10000 Kelvins and a radius Sr = 1x109 meters. Scientists also measured the distance (D)
between the star and the planet as D = 2 AU - 3.0x1011 meters.
The solar power per unit area from the star's surface (Ps) can be calculated from the star's surface temperature Ts (10000 Kelvins) by the Stefen-Boltzman law Ps=0(Ts)4, where o is Stefen-Boltzman constant (5.67 x 10-8
Watt/meter2/Kelvin4). What is the solar power per unit area from the star's surface (Ps)?
O Ps ~ 2.87 x 108 Watt/meter2
O
Ps ~ 5.67 x 108 Watt/meter2
O
O
Ps ~ 2.87 x 10 Watt/meter2
Watt/meter²
Ps ~ 5.67 x 10⁹
QUESTION 2
The solar power (Ps) decreases from the star's surface to the distance at the planet. Assuming the solar power per unit area at the distance of the planet as Pp, we have Pp=Ps(Sr/D)2, where…
Chapter 5 Solutions
21st Century Astronomy
Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 5.1ACYUCh. 5.1 - Prob. 5.1BCYUCh. 5.2 - Prob. 5.2CYUCh. 5.3 - Prob. 5.3CYUCh. 5.4 - Prob. 5.4CYUCh. 5.5 - Prob. 5.5CYUCh. 5 - Prob. 1QPCh. 5 - Prob. 2QPCh. 5 - Prob. 3QPCh. 5 - Prob. 4QP
Ch. 5 - Prob. 5QPCh. 5 - Prob. 6QPCh. 5 - Prob. 7QPCh. 5 - Prob. 8QPCh. 5 - Prob. 9QPCh. 5 - Prob. 10QPCh. 5 - Prob. 11QPCh. 5 - Prob. 12QPCh. 5 - Prob. 13QPCh. 5 - Prob. 14QPCh. 5 - Prob. 15QPCh. 5 - Prob. 16QPCh. 5 - Prob. 17QPCh. 5 - Prob. 18QPCh. 5 - Prob. 19QPCh. 5 - Prob. 20QPCh. 5 - Prob. 21QPCh. 5 - Prob. 22QPCh. 5 - Prob. 23QPCh. 5 - Prob. 24QPCh. 5 - Prob. 25QPCh. 5 - Prob. 26QPCh. 5 - Prob. 27QPCh. 5 - Prob. 28QPCh. 5 - Prob. 29QPCh. 5 - Prob. 30QPCh. 5 - Prob. 31QPCh. 5 - Prob. 32QPCh. 5 - Prob. 33QPCh. 5 - Prob. 34QPCh. 5 - Prob. 35QPCh. 5 - Prob. 36QPCh. 5 - Prob. 37QPCh. 5 - Prob. 38QPCh. 5 - Prob. 39QPCh. 5 - Prob. 40QPCh. 5 - Prob. 41QPCh. 5 - Prob. 42QPCh. 5 - Prob. 43QPCh. 5 - Prob. 44QPCh. 5 - Prob. 45QP
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- What is the difference between the daily and annual motions of the Sun?arrow_forwardBecause of the precession of the Earth’s axis, a. there are four seasons, spring, summer, fall, and winter. b. the Earth receives more solar radiation in the summer than in the winter. c. Polaris will not be the North Star in about 12,000 years. d. the lengths of the Earth’s days and nights vary throughout the year.arrow_forwardThe gas and dust cocoon surrounding young stars a. is blown away when the young stellar surface heats up and becomes more luminous. b. remains surrounding the young star throughout its adult life. c. eventually collapses onto the star, increasing its mass and luminosity. d. evaporates gradually over the lifetime of the star. e. expands as the star’s luminosity increases eventually reaching a distance far enough that it condenses to form comets.arrow_forward
- 19 A planet is detected via the Doppler technique. The velocity change of the star is a measure of A The planet's size and density. B C D E The planet's mass and orbital distance. The planet's orbital period and eccentricity. The planet's mass and composition. The planet's size and orbital distance.arrow_forwardWhy do the magnetic fields lines of the sun get warped? a. effects of the solar wind b. surface of the sun is cooler near the poles c. uneven fusion rates in the core d. equator rotates more rapidly than the polesarrow_forwardWhere does gold (the element) come from? A. It is produced during the supernova explosions of high-mass stars. B. It was produced during the Big Bang. C. It is produced by mass transfer in close binaries. D. It is produced during the late stages of fusion in low-mass stars.arrow_forward
- The capture of too few solar neutrinos by Davis in the solar neutrino experiment a. can be explained if the sun is not undergoing thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen in its core. b. indicates that the sun’s core is much cooler than expected. c. indicates that the sun’s core is much hotter than expected. d. indicates that the sun’s core is convective. e. is explained by none of the above.arrow_forwardA star that is moving toward Earth will a. have its spectral lines shifted to the red. b. have its spectral lines shifted to the blue. c. appear hotter than it actually is. d. appear cooler than it actually is. e. appear dimmer than it actually is.arrow_forwardWhy are all large celestial bodies (stars, planets, larger moons) very nearly spherical in shape? a because of the centrifugal force from the body's rotation b because of tidal forces c because gravity tries to pull every part of the celestial body to the center d because of the pressure from the heat in the body's corearrow_forward
- A shell of gas slowly ejected by a giant star is known as a a. supernova remnant. b. nova remnant. c. planetary nebula. d. reflection nebula.arrow_forward19. A laser beam takes 0.024s to jravel from a rocket to the reflective surface of a planet and back to the rocket. How far is the rocket from this planet's surface? a) 2400 km b) 1200 km c) 1800 km d) 3600 km e) 4800 km Class commarrow_forward1. The Sun radiates energy like a black body with temperature 5800 K. Use the Stefan-Boltzmann Law to calculate the Sun's Luminosity (which is the Sun's Surface Area times the Flux radiated per unit surface area. Use the following parameters: Sun's Radius = R = 6.96 x 1010 cm Stefan-Boltzmann Const = s = 5.67 x 10-5 ergs/cm2 K4 sSun's Temperature = T = 5800 K Formula for Luminosity: L = 4pR2 sT 4 What is the Sun's Luminosity? __________ ergs/sarrow_forward
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