Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134765037
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 5, Problem 5SQ
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The chemical basis for the name of hydrolase that is used in the
Introduction:
Digestion is breakdown of larger food particles into smaller food particles. The digestive system hydrolyzes macro molecules which can be carbohydrates, proteins and fats present in the food into their respective subunit and absorb these subunit molecules and eliminate the waste.
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create a flow chart or diagram to illustrate the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates. The starting carbohydrate molecules are starch, sucrose, lactose, glycogen, and cellulose. What will happen to these carbohydrates once we ingest them?
Include the following from your flow chart or diagram:
1) the location or site where the digestion or absorption occurs
2) the enzymes
3) the products generated at each site or location
Digestive Enzymes
Digestive enzymes are protein-based biological catalysts that have important roles in our lives. They
help remove stains from our clothing, turn milk into cheese, and are responsible for turning our dinner
into usable fuel for our bodies. Enzymes, however, do not work well universally. Some are meant to
work at high temperatures, others at low temperatures. They may work best in acidic conditions or
neutral conditions.
In this activity, the optimal conditions for two different digestive enzymes will be considered. Lipase
is made in the pancreas and breaks down lipids in the small intestine. Pepsin breaks down proteins in
the stomach.
triglycerides
polypeptides
Enzymes and Cellular Regulation
Rate of reaction
a. pepsin
b. lipase
lipase
pepsin
glycerol + fatty acids
PH
small peptides + amino acids
Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity
8
10
12
14
Pepsin (stomach)
-Lipase
1. In which body organ is pepsin active?
2. In which body organ is pancreatic lipase active?
3. For each…
The catalytic activity of enzymes depends on the presence of appropriate environmental
conditions. Pepsin is a digestive enzyme found in the stomach and facilitates the digestion
of large proteins.
If pepsin is removed from this acidic environment of the stomach and is instead placed in
a more basic environment, it will cease to function. Describe the specific effect that a
change in environmental pH will have on pepsin and explain how this change can lead to
inhibition of its catalytic activity.
Respond in 4 to 6 complete sentences.
Chapter 5 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
Ch. 5 - Prob. 1SQCh. 5 - _____ is the capacity to perform work, while _____...Ch. 5 - The label on a candy bar says that it contains 150...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4SQCh. 5 - Prob. 5SQCh. 5 - Prob. 6SQCh. 5 - Prob. 7SQCh. 5 - Prob. 8SQCh. 5 - Prob. 9SQCh. 5 - Prob. 10SQ
Ch. 5 - Prob. 11IMTCh. 5 - For each statement, identify which major theme is...Ch. 5 - For each statement, identify which major theme is...Ch. 5 - HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, depends on an...Ch. 5 - Interpreting Data The graph illustrates two...Ch. 5 - Prob. 17BSCh. 5 - Nanotechnology devices can improve human health....Ch. 5 - Prob. 19BS
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Similar questions
- During digestion, the presence of proteases makes proteins be digested first. Given this occurrence, what is the catalytic rc of the proteases? (Reference: https://www.britannica.com/science/proteolytic-enzyme) It does not do anything directly to the digestion process of proteins It boosts the digestion process to match the digestion of all food matter It slows down the digestion process of other food matter It speeds up the digestion of proteins ingested by the organism 0000arrow_forwardIndicate which enzyme works on each molecule.Lactose (a) Protein (b) RNA (c)arrow_forwardLingual lipase is an enzyme that is secreted from glands in the oral cavity located near to the tongue (pH=~6.7). This enzyme is specialized to digest triglyceride molecules in the mouth however it is responsible for almost none of the digestion of dietary fat. Food spends only a very brief period of time in the mouth before it is swallowed. The enzyme together with the food then reaches the stomach where the pH is ~2. Considering what you know about tertiary structure, explain using specific examples why this enzyme is not able to participate in lipid digestion in the body.arrow_forward
- Introduction to Experiment 2: Protein Digestion by Pepsin In this experiment, we will look at for evidence of protein digestion using albumin, a protein, and Biuret reagent. Biuret reagent is used to test for the presence of proteins, or more specifically, peptide bonds. When long polypeptide chains are present the solution will turn violet, and when shorter polypeptide chains are present the solution will turn a lighter pink color. What is/are the end product(s) of protein digestion? ____________________________________________________________ What is the purpose of the enzyme pepsin? _______________________________________________________________________ If protein digestion has occurred, will the solution be violet or pink (choose one)? _________________ Hypotheses/Predictions (See Methods section for details): What color do you expect the solution to turn when the P tubes are mixed with Biuret solution and why? P1…arrow_forwardIntroduction to Experiment 2: Protein Digestion by Pepsin In this experiment, we will look at for evidence of protein digestion using albumin, a protein, and Biuret reagent. Biuret reagent is used to test for the presence of proteins, or more specifically, peptide bonds. When long polypeptide chains are present the solution will turn violet, and when shorter polypeptide chains are present the solution will turn a lighter pink color. What is/are the end product(s) of protein digestion? Amino acids What is the purpose of the enzyme pepsin? It helps in the digestion of proteins by breaking down the peptide bonds between amino acids into smaller peptides If protein digestion has occurred, will the solution be violet or pink (choose one)? Hypotheses/Predictions (See Methods section for details): What color do you expect the solution to turn when the P tubes are mixed with Biuret solution and why? P1 P2 P3 P4 The least protein digestion (or none at all) will take place in tubes…arrow_forwardThe average pH of the human stomach is 1.5 to 3.5. Based on the information from the graph, predict which enzyme is most likely to be found in the stomach? Provide evidence for your choice.arrow_forward
- What is the function of an enzyme? Name three important enzymes that are used in the digestive process in human body and describe their functions.arrow_forwardHow does hydrochloric acid aid in the digestion of food? Hydrochloric acid breaks down the peptide bonds, glycosidic bonds, and acid anhydride bonds among proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids respectively. Hydrochloric acid does not really participate in the digestion of food; however, the acidic environment due to HCl activates pepsinogen which will be converted into pepsin that breaks down peptide bond between amino acids in a polypeptide. Hydrochloric acid is the gastric juice that stops lipid digestion in the stomach. Hydrochloric acid initiates carbohydrate and protein digestion in the stomach.arrow_forwardDigestion, the breakdown of complex biochemicals into simpler molecules, is the first stage in the extraction of energy from food, but no useful energy is acquired during this stage. Why is digestion considered a stage in energy extraction?arrow_forward
- Suppose that after you mixed 10 mL of milk with 1 mL of lactase solution and waited three minutes, you found that your mixture of milk and lactase contained glucose. What are two possible interpretations of this result? (Hint: Think about the possibility that, before digestion, milk contains either a disaccharide or a monosaccharide.)arrow_forwardList all enzymes in the digestive tract that catalyzes hydrolysis of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Where are they synthesized? What is the optimum pH of each? What triggers their synthesis and release? Tabulate your answer.arrow_forwardDrugs are small molecules that often occur in either a neutral or a charged form, depending on pH. For example, aspirin can be either neutral or lose a proton to be negatively charged. When aspirin is charged, it does not diffuse well into the body. pH varies in the gastrointestinal track. Since the stomach has a low pH (pH=3), it has a larger concentration of neutral aspirin (10-3 M), while the small intestine (pH=6) has a smaller neutral aspirin concentration (10-6 M). For the following, assume that the neutrally charged aspirin molecule has a diffusion coefficient through the cell of 1 x 10-6 cm2/s.arrow_forward
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