Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Condensed structures and the systematic names for all the
Concept introduction:
- Molecular structure is the arrangement of
chemical bonds between atoms in a molecule (or in an ion or radical with multiple atoms), specifically which atoms are chemically bonded to what other atoms with what kind of chemical bond. From the IUPAC name of compound its structure can be easily drawn. - IUPAC name consists of three parts in major namely Prefix suffix and root word.
- Prefix represents the substituent present in the molecule and its position in the root name.
- Suffix denotes the presence of
functional group if any in the molecule. It can be an alkene,alkyne , alcohol,carboxylic acid , alcohol etc. - For alkenes, suffix will be ‘ene’.
- Root word represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton of the organic molecule.
- When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo, if it is two cyclic structure combined then prefixed with bicyclo.
- E-Z designators are used as like cis-trans terminology for non-similar groups attached alkenes.
- In E-Z designations, the groups attached to vinylic positions are checked by their priority on the basis of higher molecular weight. If the higher priority groups are on the same sides, then the configuration is designated as Z. If the higher priority groups are on the opposite sides, then the configuration is designated as E.
- Condensed Formula: Molecular formula where the symbols of atoms are listed in order as they appear in the respective molecular structure with bonded dash omitted or limited it is called the condensed structure.
(b)
Interpretation:
The E and Z isomers of alkenes should be identified for the given compound with the molecular formula
Concept introduction:
- Molecular structure is the arrangement of chemical bonds between atoms in a molecule (or in an ion or radical with multiple atoms), specifically which atoms are chemically bonded to what other atoms with what kind of chemical bond. From the IUPAC name of compound its structure can be easily drawn.
- IUPAC name consists of three parts in major namely Prefix suffix and root word.
- Prefix represents the substituent present in the molecule and its position in the root name.
- Suffix denotes the presence of functional group if any in the molecule. It can be an alkene, alkyne, alcohol, carboxylic acid, alcohol etc.
- For alkenes, suffix will be ‘ene’.
- Root word represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton of the organic molecule.
- When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo, if it is two cyclic structure combined then prefixed with bicyclo.
- E-Z designators are used as like cis-trans terminology for non-similar groups attached alkenes.
- In E-Z designations, the groups attached to vinylic positions are checked by their priority on the basis of higher molecular weight. If the higher priority groups are on the same sides, then the configuration is designated as Z. If the higher priority groups are on the opposite sides, then the configuration is designated as E.
(c)
Interpretation:
Most stable alkenes has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
The amount of heat released in a hydrogenation reaction is known as heat of hydrogenation
The most stable alkene has the smallest heat of hydrogenation.
The stability of an alkene increases as the number of alkyl substituents bonded to its
The stability of an alkene increases as the number of hydrogen bonded to its
(d)
Interpretation:
Least stable alkene has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
The amount of heat released in a hydrogenation reaction is known as heat of hydrogenation
The most stable alkene has the smallest heat of hydrogenation.
The stability of an alkene increases as the number of alkyl substituents bonded to its
The stability of an alkene increases as the number of hydrogen bonded to its
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Chapter 5 Solutions
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
- 1. a. Draw and name the five cycloalkane structures of formula C5H10. Can any of these structures give rise to geometric (cis-trans) isomerism? If so, show the cis and trans stereoisomers. b. Draw and name the eight cycloalkane structures of formula C6H12 that do not show geometric isomerism. c. Draw and name the four cycloalkanes of formula C6H12 that do have cis-trans isomers. 2. Each of the following descriptions applies to more than one alkane. In each case, draw and name two structures that match the description. (a) an isopropylheptane (b) a diethyldecane (c) a cis-diethylcyclohexane (d) a trans-dihalocyclopentane (e) a (2,3-dimethylpentyl)cycloalkane (f) a bicyclononane 3. 2. refer to the photo attached and answer the ff.3-33, 3-34arrow_forward2. Draw and name four alkenes with the formula C,Hg.arrow_forward7. Which of the following best describe the structure of the carbon atom? a. Its atomic structure and valence number of 4 makes it able to form4 covalent bonds with atoms of other elements and another carbon atom. b. Its atomic structure allows many types of arrangements that leads to a short and long straight and branched chained structures. c. both a and b d. none of these 8. Which of the following best explains the characteristics of carbon atom? a. Its valence number of 4 results to a full outer energy by forming four covalent bonds. b. Carbon atoms can form single, double or triple covalent bonds with other carbon atoms. c. It has four valence bonds, and the energy required to make or break a bond is at an appropriate level for building molecules, which are stable and reactive. d. All of the abovearrow_forward
- 7. C=C. A hydrocarbon that contains a -C=C- or the above group. Oa. addition reaction Ob. aliphatic compound C. alkene Od. alkyne e. aromatic hydrocarbon f. hydration g. hydrogenation h. monomer i. phenyl group j. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Ok. polymer O1. unsaturated hydrocarbonarrow_forwarda. How many Lewis structures have the formula C4H11N? 10 b. In how many of the structures is the nitrogen atom attached to only one carbon? c. How many of them have carbon-carbon double bonds? d. How many of them have carbon-nitrogen double bonds? e. How many of them have rings? f. How many of the structures are capable of hydrogen bonding? g. How many of the structures contain a carbon atom attached to three other carbons? h. How many of the structures contain a nitrogen atom attached to three carbons? Varrow_forwardGive small explanation.arrow_forward
- 1. Give IUPAC names for each of the following alkenes: a. b. C. d. e. CH3 -CH₂ C - CH₂ CH₂ - CH3 || CH₂ CICH=CHCH3 CH3 -CH3 -CH(CH3)2 2. Draw structures corresponding to the following IUPAC names: a. 2-Methylhex-1-ene b. (3Z, 6E)-1,3,6-octatriene c. vinylcyclopropanearrow_forwardThe alkene 3-methyl-1-butene is reacted with Br₂ in aqueous solution. Br₂. H₂Oarrow_forwardd. Cis and trans isomer of CH;CH,CH,CH=CHCH,CH3. ÇH3 e. E and Z isomers of CH3CH2CH=CCH;CH,CH,arrow_forward
- 1. An alkane, P, has the molecular formula, CoHv. An Alkene, Q, has the molecular formula, GHs. a) Name P and Q and write their full structural formula. b) State two differences between P and Q in terms of their structures.arrow_forward8. Give three structural formulas each of acyclic and carbocyclic compounds having the composition 1) C5H8; 2) C5H100. 16:47 /arrow_forwardBased on the molecular formula, determine whether each compound is an alkane, alkene, or alkyne. (Assume that the hydrocarbons are noncyclic and there is no more than one multiple bond.) a. C,H12 b. CH, c. C;H12 d. CH22arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning