Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Movement of electrons should be indicated using curved arrows for the given reaction.
Concept introduction:
Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.
Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.
Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.
Curved arrows are drawn to show how the electrons move as new covalent bonds are formed existing covalent bonds are broken.
Each arrow represents the simultaneous movement of two electrons from a nucleophile towards an electrophile.
The tail of the arrow is positioned where the electrons are in the reactant; the tail always starts at a lone pair of electron or at a bond.
The head of the arrow points to where these same electrons end up in the product; the arrow always points at an atom or a bond.
(b)
Interpretation:
Movement of electrons should be indicated using curved arrows for the given reaction.
Concept introduction:
Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.
Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.
Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.
Curved arrows are drawn to show how the electrons move as new covalent bonds are formed existing covalent bonds are broken.
Each arrow represents the simultaneous movement of two electrons from a nucleophile towards an electrophile.
The tail of the arrow is positioned where the electrons are in the reactant; the tail always starts at a lone pair of electron or at a bond.
The head of the arrow points to where these same electrons end up in the product; the arrow always points at an atom or a bond.
(c)
Interpretation:
Movement of electrons should be indicated using curved arrows for the given reaction.
Concept introduction:
Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.
Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.
Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.
Curved arrows are drawn to show how the electrons move as new covalent bonds are formed existing covalent bonds are broken.
Each arrow represents the simultaneous movement of two electrons from a nucleophile towards an electrophile.
The tail of the arrow is positioned where the electrons are in the reactant; the tail always starts at a lone pair of electron or at a bond.
The head of the arrow points to where these same electrons end up in the product; the arrow always points at an atom or a bond.
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Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 5 Solutions
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
- Explain how you can tell from the energy diagram that the reaction with the catalyst in Fig. 8.4 isfaster than the reaction without the catalyst.arrow_forwardDraw curved arrows for the following reaction step.arrow_forwardDraw curved arrows to show the movement of the electrons in each step of the following reaction sequences. (Hint: You can tell how to draw the arrows for each step by looking at the products that are formed in that step as a result of the movement of electrons.)arrow_forward
- Draw the mechanism using curved arrows to show how the electron pairs move for the second step of the given reactionarrow_forwardDraw curved arrows to indicate the movement of electrons in the following reaction.arrow_forwardAdd curved arrows to each step in the following reaction sequence.arrow_forward
- Identify the electrophile and the nucleophile in each of the following reaction steps. Then draw curved arrows to illustrate the bond-making and bond-breaking processes.arrow_forwardDraw curved arrows to show electron reorganization for the reaction step below.arrow_forwardDraw the product of the given reaction. Draw all hydrogen atoms.arrow_forward
- draw a reaction energy diagram for an exergonic rxn that is slow. in your diagram what in your diagram show your reaction is slow?arrow_forwardAdd curved arrows to each step in the attached reaction sequence.arrow_forwardDraw the major product for the oxidation reaction. Then, draw the proper FULL electron-pushing mechanism for the reaction, including ALL intermediates (with formal charges) and electron-pushing arrows. Label the electrophile and nucleophile in each step.arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning