If the child showed a cleft lip through ultrasound analysis and the parents then started blaming each other (because Sue is a smoker and Tim was born with the defect), how would you counsel them? Sue and Tim were referred for genetic counseling after they inquired about the risk of having a child with a cleft lip. Tim was born with a mild cleft lip that was surgically repaired. He expressed concern that his future children could be at risk for a more severe form of clefting. Sue was in her 12th week of pregnancy, and both were anxious about the pregnancy because Sue had had a difficult time conceiving. The couple stated that they would not consider terminating the pregnancy for any reason but wanted to be prepared for the possibility of having a child with a birth defect. The genetic counselor took a three-generation family history from both Sue and Tim and found that Tim was the only person to have had a cleft lip. Sue’s family history showed no cases of cleft lip. Tim and Sue had several misconceptions about clefting, and the genetic counselor spent time explaining how cleft lips occur and some of the known causes of this birth defect. The following list summarizes the counselor’s discussion with the couple. Fathers, as well as mothers, can pass on genes that cause clefting. Some clefts are caused by environmental factors, meaning that the condition didn’t come from the father or the mother. One child in 33 is born with some sort of birth defect. One in 700 is born with a cleft-related birth defect. Most clefts occur in boys; however, a girl can be born with a cleft. If a person (male or female) is born with a cleft, the chances of that person having a child with a cleft, given no other obvious factor, is 7 in 100. Some clefts are related to identifiable syndromes. Of those, some are autosomal dominant. A person with an autosomal dominant gene has a 50% probability of passing the gene to an offspring. Many clefts run in families even when there does not seem to be any identifiable syndrome present. Clefting seems to be related to ethnicity, occurring most often among Asians, Latinos, and Native Americans (1 : 500); next most often among persons of European ethnicity (1 : 700); and least often among persons of African origin (1 : 1,000). A cleft condition develops during the fourth to the eighth week of pregnancy. After that critical period, nothing the mother does can cause a cleft. Sometimes a cleft develops even before the mother is aware that she is pregnant. Women who smoke are twice as likely to give birth to a child with a cleft. Women who ingest large quantities of vitamin A or low quantities of folic acid are more likely to have children with a cleft. In about 70% of cases, the fetal face is clearly visible using ultrasound. Facial disorders have been detected at the 15th gestational week of pregnancy. Ultrasound can be precise and reliable in diagnosing fetal craniofacial conditions.

A couple has had a child born with neurofibromatosis. They come to your genetic counseling office for help. After taking an extensive family history, you determine that there is no history of this disease on either side of the family. The couple wants to have another child and wants to be advised about the risks of that child having neurofibromatosis. What advice do you give them?

After hearing this information, should Sue and Tim feel that their chances of having a child with a cleft lip are increased over that of the general population? Sue and Tim were referred for genetic counseling after they inquired about the risk of having a child with a cleft lip. Tim was born with a mild cleft lip that was surgically repaired. He expressed concern that his future children could be at risk for a more severe form of clefting. Sue was in her 12th week of pregnancy, and both were anxious about the pregnancy because Sue had had a difficult time conceiving. The couple stated that they would not consider terminating the pregnancy for any reason but wanted to be prepared for the possibility of having a child with a birth defect. The genetic counselor took a three-generation family history from both Sue and Tim and found that Tim was the only person to have had a cleft lip. Sues family history showed no cases of cleft lip. Tim and Sue had several misconceptions about clefting, and the genetic counselor spent time explaining how cleft lips occur and some of the known causes of this birth defect. The following list summarizes the counselors discussion with the couple. Fathers, as well as mothers, can pass on genes that cause clefting. Some clefts are caused by environmental factors, meaning that the condition didnt come from the father or the mother. One child in 33 is born with some sort of birth defect. One in 700 is born with a cleft-related birth defect. Most clefts occur in boys; however, a girl can be born with a cleft. If a person (male or female) is born with a cleft, the chances of that person having a child with a cleft, given no other obvious factor, is 7 in 100. Some clefts are related to identifiable syndromes. Of those, some are autosomal dominant. A person with an autosomal dominant gene has a 50% probability of passing the gene to an offspring. Many clefts run in families even when there does not seem to be any identifiable syndrome present. Clefting seems to be related to ethnicity, occurring most often among Asians, Latinos, and Native Americans (1 : 500); next most often among persons of European ethnicity (1 : 700); and least often among persons of African origin (1 : 1,000). A cleft condition develops during the fourth to the eighth week of pregnancy. After that critical period, nothing the mother does can cause a cleft. Sometimes a cleft develops even before the mother is aware that she is pregnant. Women who smoke are twice as likely to give birth to a child with a cleft. Women who ingest large quantities of vitamin A or low quantities of folic acid are more likely to have children with a cleft. In about 70% of cases, the fetal face is clearly visible using ultrasound. Facial disorders have been detected at the 15th gestational week of pregnancy. Ultrasound can be precise and reliable in diagnosing fetal craniofacial conditions.

Janet has been having some abdominal pains lately and is of an Ashkanazi Jewish decent. What may be happening to her based on her genetics?

A couple has one child with bilateral retinoblastoma. The mother is free from cancer, but the father has unilateral retinoblastoma and he has a brother who has bilateral retinoblastoma. a. If the couple has another child, what is the probability that this next child will have retinoblastoma? b. If the next child has retinoblastoma, is it likely to be bilateral or unilateral? c. Explain why the father’s case of retinoblastoma is unilateral, whereas his son’s and brother’s cases are bilateral.

Tom and Jane have four children: two girls, Jill and Janet, and two boys, Tim and Todd. Tim has a genetic disorder that gives him polka dotted finger nails, but Todd Jill and Janet do not. All four of the children get married (to people outside their family) and have children. Here are the results: Jill’s ChildrenJack affected with polka dot finger nailsJacob NOT affected with polka dot finger nailsJohn affected with polka dot finger nails Janet’s ChildrenJason NOT affected with polka dot finger nailsJustin affected with polka dot finger nailsJessica NOT affected with polka dot finger nails Tim and Todd have NO children affect with polka dot finger nails This genetic disorder is mostly likely: Group of answer choices 1 Autosomal Recessive 2 X-linked recessive 3 X-linked dominant 4 Y-linked 5 Autosomal Dominant

Alfred is heterozygous for tongue rolling and has five fingers. Alfreda, his wife, cannot roll her tongue and is heterozygous for polydactyly. Use R/r for tounge rolling, P/p for polydactyly. What is Alfred’s genotype? ____________ What is Alfreda’s genotype? ____________

Mrs. Xexy Lucero, G0, who is planning to become pregnant tells Nurse Sasha, "I am scared. My brother Zanjo, who was born 2 years after I was, died a month after he was born. My mother says that he had a very serious genetic defect. I don't know what to do." Which of the following responses are appropriate for Nurse Zasha to make? (Select all that apply). a. I Think your mother should make an appointment to meet with your obstetrician. I'm sure she knows a lot more about your brother's illness than she is telling you." b. There are a number of tests that can be performed during your pregnancy tO Screen the baby for genetic diseases." c. lt is almost impossible to figure out what happened way back then, but l'm sure everything will be fine with your baby." d. Do you think your mother would allow your brother's body to be unearthed so that it could be tested for the genetic disease? e. I will discuss your concerns with your Obstetrician. I am sure your doctor will refer you to agenetic…

If her weight wasnt causing any health problems, should she consider having the surgery if she thought it would make her look more attractive?

Can cleft lip be surgically corrected? Sue and Tim were referred for genetic counseling after they inquired about the risk of having a child with a cleft lip. Tim was born with a mild cleft lip that was surgically repaired. He expressed concern that his future children could be at risk for a more severe form of clefting. Sue was in her 12th week of pregnancy, and both were anxious about the pregnancy because Sue had had a difficult time conceiving. The couple stated that they would not consider terminating the pregnancy for any reason but wanted to be prepared for the possibility of having a child with a birth defect. The genetic counselor took a three-generation family history from both Sue and Tim and found that Tim was the only person to have had a cleft lip. Sues family history showed no cases of cleft lip. Tim and Sue had several misconceptions about clefting, and the genetic counselor spent time explaining how cleft lips occur and some of the known causes of this birth defect. The following list summarizes the counselors discussion with the couple. Fathers, as well as mothers, can pass on genes that cause clefting. Some clefts are caused by environmental factors, meaning that the condition didnt come from the father or the mother. One child in 33 is born with some sort of birth defect. One in 700 is born with a cleft-related birth defect. Most clefts occur in boys; however, a girl can be born with a cleft. If a person (male or female) is born with a cleft, the chances of that person having a child with a cleft, given no other obvious factor, is 7 in 100. Some clefts are related to identifiable syndromes. Of those, some are autosomal dominant. A person with an autosomal dominant gene has a 50% probability of passing the gene to an offspring. Many clefts run in families even when there does not seem to be any identifiable syndrome present. Clefting seems to be related to ethnicity, occurring most often among Asians, Latinos, and Native Americans (1 : 500); next most often among persons of European ethnicity (1 : 700); and least often among persons of African origin (1 : 1,000). A cleft condition develops during the fourth to the eighth week of pregnancy. After that critical period, nothing the mother does can cause a cleft. Sometimes a cleft develops even before the mother is aware that she is pregnant. Women who smoke are twice as likely to give birth to a child with a cleft. Women who ingest large quantities of vitamin A or low quantities of folic acid are more likely to have children with a cleft. In about 70% of cases, the fetal face is clearly visible using ultrasound. Facial disorders have been detected at the 15th gestational week of pregnancy. Ultrasound can be precise and reliable in diagnosing fetal craniofacial conditions.

Both parents love strawberry blonde hair but hate the fact they can touch their noses with their tongues. What are the odds their child will be a strawberry blonde non-nose touching individual?

Emily and Jack were so excited at the birth of their baby Mark.“Jack, he’s just so perfect! Just one problem though, it looks like he has your hairline!” Emily teased her husband who, though only 32, was balding.“Emily, I spent all that time painting the baby’s room and I just hope that he’s not color blind like your father or he won’t be able to see it!” Jack responded.Both the pregnancy and delivery had been uneventful. But in the back of their minds, they really were worriedbecause their first child, Sean, died at the age of nine days.By the fifth day after birth, Mark began to have trouble nursing and by the seventh day he had completely stopped feeding. Emily and Jack were frantic because it seemed to them that Mark might also die.“What is going on with our family? Another sick baby?” Jack thought to himself.Emily and Jack rushed him to the emergency room. Although Mark's limbs were rigid and he had had a seizure, the examination showed no infection and his x-rays were normal. The…

Solution Summary: The author explains the type of counseling that should be provided to parents when both of them started blaming each other after seeing the ultrasound analysis of their child showed cleft lip.

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