Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 5, Problem 2QP
The text outlines some of the problems Frederick William I encountered in his attempt to breed tall Potsdam Guards.
- a. Why were the results he obtained so different from those obtained by Mendel with short and tall pea plants?
- b. Why were most of the children shorter than their tall parents?
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Mendel obtained his initial pea plant varieties from local breeders who were developing new varieties that might be useful or interesting. To generate these new varieties, breeders formed hybrids between existing varieties of different phenotypic characteristics by cross pollination, using techniques they doubtless taught to Mendel. After producing a hybrid, they allowed several generations of self-pollination, as happens naturally if the flowers are not disturbed. a. How many generations would it take for a breeder to have produced new pure-breeding varieties using this approach? b. What is the probability that an individual in each of these generations (F2, F3, and F10) would be homozygous for one or the other allele of this gene?
Mendel obtained his initial pea plant varieties from local breeders who were developing new varieties that might be useful or interesting. To generate these new varieties, breeders formed hybrids between existing varieties of different phenotypic characteristics by cross pollination, using techniques they doubtless taught to Mendel. After producing a hybrid, they allowed several generations of self-pollination, as happens naturally if the flowers are not disturbed. a. How many generations would it take for a breeder to have produced new pure-breeding varieties using this approach? i. First, consider just one heterozygous gene in the F1 hybrid. What is the probability that an individual of the F2 generation would be heterozygous for that gene? ii. What is the probability that an individual in the F3 generation would be heterozygous for this gene? iii. What is the probability that an individual in the F10 generation would be heterozygous for this gene? iv. What is the…
E. W. Lindstrom crossed two corn plants with green seedlings and obtained the following progeny: 3583 green seedlings, 853 virescentwhite seedlings, and 260 yellow seedlings (E. W. Lindstrom. 1921. Genetics 6:91–110). a. Give the genotypes for the green, virescent-white, and yellow progeny. b. Explain how color is determined in these seedlings. c. Is there epistasis among the genes that determine color in the corn seedlings? If so, which gene is epistatic and which is hypostatic?
Chapter 5 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 1GRCh. 5.5 - What are the possible advantages or disadvantages...Ch. 5 - After hearing this information, should Sue and Tim...Ch. 5 - Can cleft lip be surgically corrected? Sue and Tim...Ch. 5 - If the child showed a cleft lip through ultrasound...Ch. 5 - Describe why continuous variation is common in...Ch. 5 - The text outlines some of the problems Frederick...Ch. 5 - What role might environment have played in causing...Ch. 5 - Do you think Frederick Williams experiment would...Ch. 5 - As it turned out, one of the tallest Potsdam...
Ch. 5 - Describe why there is a fundamental difference...Ch. 5 - Sunflowers with flowers 10 cm in diameter are...Ch. 5 - Clubfoot is a common congenital birth defect. This...Ch. 5 - Define genetic variance.Ch. 5 - Define environmental variance.Ch. 5 - How is heritability related to genetic and...Ch. 5 - Why are relatives used in the calculation of...Ch. 5 - If there is no genetic variation within a...Ch. 5 - Can conjoined (Siamese) twins be dizygotic twins...Ch. 5 - Dizygotic twins: a. are as closely related as...Ch. 5 - Why are monozygotic twins who are reared apart so...Ch. 5 - Monozygotic (MZ) twins have a concordance value of...Ch. 5 - If monozygotic twins show complete concordance for...Ch. 5 - Researchers set up an obesity study in which MZ...Ch. 5 - What does the ob gene code for? How does it work?...Ch. 5 - What is the importance of the comparison of traits...Ch. 5 - Height in humans is controlled by the additive...Ch. 5 - If diseases such as cardiovascular disease...Ch. 5 - Prob. 24QPCh. 5 - Prob. 25QPCh. 5 - Suppose that a team of researchers analyzes the...
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- 1) Identify the most important advantage that Mendel's pea plants had for studying the inheritance of traits 2) Using no more than one sentence, please explain why this advantage or characteristic was critical for the success of Mendel's experimentsarrow_forwardE. W. Lindstrom crossed two corn plants with green seedlings and obtained the following progeny: 3583 green seedlings, 853 virescentwhite seedlings, and 260 yellow seedlings . Q. Explain how color is determined in these seedlings.arrow_forwardMendel obtained his initial pea plant varieties from local breeders who were developing new varieties that might be useful or interesting. To generate these new varieties, breeders formed hybrids between existing varieties of different phenotypic characteristics by cross-pollination, using techniques they doubtless taught to Mendel. After producing a hybrid, they allowed several generations of self-pollination, as happens naturally if the flowers are not disturbed. i. How many generations would it take for a breeder to have produced new pure-breeding varieties using this approach? ii. What is the probability that an individual in each of these generations (F2, F3, and F10) would be homozygous for one or the other allele of this gene? [Broad hint: if they’re not heterozygous, they’re homozygous!] please answer and explain properlyarrow_forward
- What could be the genotypic and phenotypic ratios for a typical mendelian trait showed in the picture?arrow_forwardMendel obtained his initial pea plant varieties from local breeders who were developing new varieties that might be useful or interesting. To generate these new varieties, breeders formed hybrids between existing varieties of different phenotypic characteristics by cross pollination, using techniques they doubtless taught to Mendel. After producing a hybrid, they allowed several generations of self-pollination, as happens naturally if the flowers are not disturbed. b. What if a breeder were working with 7 different, independently segregating genes, as Mendel did? How many generations would it take him to have pure-breeding varieties, starting from an F1 hybrid that is heterozygous for all 7 genes? i. What is the probability that an individual in the F2 generation would be pure-breeding (i.e. is homozygous at all 7 loci)? ii. What is the probability that an individual in the F3 generation would be pure-breeding? iii. What is the probability that an individual in the F10…arrow_forwardThe petal color of a species of flowers is inherited along Mendelian ratios. A cross of two plants with red flowers produces 1,068 plants with red flowers and 390 plants with yellow flowers. A. Propose a model to explain the inheritance of red and yellow flowers. B. Determine the probability of producing a plant with yellow flowers when a heterozygous plant with red flowers is crossed with a homozygous plant with yellow flowers. B I U 三 三 of 22 Answered tv MacBook Air 吕口 F3 D00 F4 # $ & 3 4 5 6 7 Q W E Yarrow_forward
- Why was Mendel’s success dependent on his studying characteristics that exhibit only two easily distinguished phenotypes, such as white versus gray seed coats and round versus wrinkled seeds? Would he have been less successful if he had instead studied traits such as seed weight or leaf length, which vary much more in their phenotype?arrow_forwardE. W. Lindstrom crossed two corn plants with green seedlings and obtained the following progeny: 3583 green seedlings, 853 virescentwhite seedlings, and 260 yellow seedlings . Q. Give the genotypes for the green, virescent-white, and yellow progeny.arrow_forwardIn one of Mendel’s dihybrid crosses, he observed315 round, yellow; 108 round, green; 101 wrinkled,yellow; and 32 wrinkled, green F2 plants. Analyze thesedata using the x2 test to see if(a) they fit a 9:3:3:1 ratio.(b) the round:wrinkled data fit a 3:1 ratio.(c) the yellow:green data fit a 3:1 ratio.arrow_forward
- Mendel crossed true-breeding plants with wrinkled and green peas to true breeding plants with round and yellow peas. Then he crossed the Fl plants to true-breeding plants with wrinkled, green peas and observed in the progeny 31 plants with round, yellow peas, 26 plants with round, green peas, 27 plants with wrinkled, yellow peas, and 26 with wrinkled, green peas. a) What proportion of these four phenotypes would be expected? b) Calculate the appropriate chi-square and determine if it is consistent with Mendelian expectations (be sure to indicate the probability range).arrow_forwardWhy was Mendel’s success dependent on his studying characteristics that exhibit only two easily distinguished phenotypes, such as white versus gray seed coats and round versus wrinkled seeds? Would he have been less successful if he had instead studied traits such as seed weight or leaf length, which vary much more in their phenotypes? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardMendel began his work with pairs of varieties from the breeders that differed from each other in just one trait (corresponding to one gene difference, as we now know) out of the 7 traits he studied. These pairs could be obtained by self-pollinating an individual from an advanced generation that was pure-breeding for 6 of the traits but heterozygous for the 7th. i. What is the probability of finding an example plant in the F10 generation? ii. What is the probability of finding an example plant in the F4 generation? [Note: this probability is higher than that for the F10 generation or the F3 generation. What qualitative reason might there be?arrow_forward
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