Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780134019192
Author: Robert W. Bauman Ph.D.
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 5, Problem 2TMW
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The reason that electrons carried by NADH allow for the production of 50% more ATP molecules than the electrons carried by FADH2
Introduction:
The energy produced during electron transport chain depends upon the amount of ATP produced. The electrons may be carried by NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) or FADH2 (Flavin adenine dinucleotide). The energy generation is more in case of NADH.
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Why are electrons carried by FADH 2 not as energy rich as those carried by NADH? What is the consequence of this difference?
Briefly, explain why the transfer of electrons from NADH to the ETC results in the production of more ATP molecules than are produced as a result of the transfer of electrons from FADH2?
Which would be expected to generate more ATP per electron carried—NADH or FADH2?
Chapter 5 Solutions
Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy (5th Edition)
Ch. 5 - Prob. 1MCCh. 5 - Prob. 2MCCh. 5 - Prob. 3MCCh. 5 - Prob. 4MCCh. 5 - Prob. 5MCCh. 5 - Prob. 6MCCh. 5 - Prob. 7MCCh. 5 - Prob. 8MCCh. 5 - Prob. 9MCCh. 5 - Prob. 10MC
Ch. 5 - Prob. 11MCCh. 5 - Prob. 12MCCh. 5 - Prob. 13MCCh. 5 - Prob. 14MCCh. 5 - Prob. 15MCCh. 5 - Prob. 16MCCh. 5 - Prob. 17MCCh. 5 - Prob. 18MCCh. 5 - Prob. 19MCCh. 5 - Prob. 20MCCh. 5 - Prob. 1MCh. 5 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 5 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 5 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 5 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 5 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 5 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 5 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 5 - Prob. 8FIBCh. 5 - Prob. 9FIBCh. 5 - Prob. 10FIBCh. 5 - Label the mitochondrion to indicate the location...Ch. 5 - Label the diagram below to indicate acetyl-CoA,...Ch. 5 - Examine the biosynthetic pathway for the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 1SACh. 5 - Prob. 2SACh. 5 - Prob. 3SACh. 5 - Prob. 4SACh. 5 - Prob. 5SACh. 5 - Prob. 6SACh. 5 - Prob. 7SACh. 5 - Prob. 8SACh. 5 - Prob. 9SACh. 5 - Prob. 10SACh. 5 - Prob. 11SACh. 5 - Prob. 12SACh. 5 - Prob. 13SACh. 5 - Prob. 14SACh. 5 - A laboratory scientist notices that a cer1ain...Ch. 5 - Arsenic is a poison that exists in two states in...Ch. 5 - Explain why an excess of all three of the amino...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3CTCh. 5 - Describe how bacterial fermentation causes milk to...Ch. 5 - Giardia intestinalis and Entamoeba histolytica are...Ch. 5 - Prob. 6CTCh. 5 - Prob. 7CTCh. 5 - Prob. 8CTCh. 5 - Cyanide is a potent poison because it irreversibly...Ch. 5 - How are photophosphorylation and oxidative...Ch. 5 - Prob. 11CTCh. 5 - Compare and contrast aerobic respiration,...Ch. 5 - Scientists estimate that up to one-third of Earths...Ch. 5 - Prob. 14CTCh. 5 - Prob. 15CTCh. 5 - Some desert rodents rarely have water to drink....Ch. 5 - Prob. 17CTCh. 5 - Prob. 18CTCh. 5 - Explain why hyperthermophiles do not cause disease...Ch. 5 - In addition to extremes in temperature and pH,...Ch. 5 - Prob. 21CTCh. 5 - Prob. 22CTCh. 5 - Prob. 23CTCh. 5 - Prob. 24CTCh. 5 - Prob. 25CTCh. 5 - A scientist moves a green plant grown in sunlight...Ch. 5 - What class of enzyme is involved in amination...Ch. 5 - Prob. 1CMCh. 5 - How can oxidation take place in an anaerobic...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2TMWCh. 5 - Prob. 3TMWCh. 5 - Prob. 4TMWCh. 5 - Prob. 5TMWCh. 5 - Prob. 6TMW
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- The electron-transport chain consists of a number of multi protein complexes, which work in conjunction to pass electrons from an electron carrier, such as NADH, to O2. What is the role of these complexes in ATP synthesis? It has been demonstrated that respiration supercomplexes contain all the protein components necessary for respiration. Why is this beneficial for ATP synthesis, and what is one way that the existence of super complexes has been demonstrated experimentally? Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is not a protein, but a small, hydrophobic molecule. Why is it important for the functioning of the electron transport chain that CoQ is a hydrophobic molecule?arrow_forwardWhy is less ATP is made from the reoxidation of FADH2 compared to NADH?arrow_forwardBriefly, explain why the transfer of electrons from NADH to the ETC results in the production of more ATP molecules than are produced as a result of the transfer of electrons from FADH2? Don't copy from Googlearrow_forward
- How many ATPs are synthesized for every cytoplasmic NADH reducing equivalent that is transferred into the matrix via the malate–aspartate shuttle?arrow_forwardThe following statements describe the path of electrons from NADH through the electron transport chain. Please arrange them in order: Cytochrome c (Fe2+) carries electrons to Complex IV. Cytochrome c (Fe3+) is reduced to cytochrome c (Fe2+) QH2 carries electrons to Complex III Oxygen is reduced to water Ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) is reduced to ubiquinol (QH2)arrow_forwardwhy NADH yields more ATP than FADH2 does?arrow_forward
- Imagine a leaf in bright light but an atmosphere with no carbon dioxide. Would RuBP carboxylase be functioning? Would the NADP be in the reduced or oxidized form?arrow_forwardGiven the roles of NAD*/NADH in dehydrogenation reactions and NADPH/NADP+ in reductions, as discussed on page 488, would you expect the intracellular ratio of NAD* to NADH to be high or low? What about the ratio of NADP* to NADPH? Explain your answers.arrow_forwardPer NADH consumed by Complex I, indicate the number for each, AS those reducing equivalents flow through the electron transport chain. In other words, if "XYZ" molecule gets reduced at one step and then re-oxidized at the next step, that would count as 1 XYZ reduced. Think Total not Net. a)Total # of Cytochrome C proteins reduced b)Total # of H+ pumped across membrane c)Total # of H2O producedarrow_forward
- 1 a) What is meant by the ATP currency exchange ratio? Why does the oxidation of mitochondrial FADH2 generate one less ATP than oxidation of mitochondrial NADH? b) If 12 H+ are moved across the inner mitochondrial membrane by NADH oxidation, and each ATP synthesized requires 3 H+ to move through ATP synthase, why are only 3 ATP molecules produced by oxidation of each NADH?arrow_forwardWhat is the term for the process whereby the synthesis of ATP is coupled to the conversion of NADH or FADH2 to NAD+ or FAD, respectively?arrow_forwardThe reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2 are oxidized in the ETS. What is the final electron acceptor of the ETS? What is the function of the H+ ion in ATP synthesis?arrow_forward
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