Concept explainers
One of the assumptions of the kinetic molecular theoryis that the volume of a gas particle is negligible. If thiswere the case, the ratio of the number of collisions of gasparticles with the walls of the container compared to thenumber of collisions a given gas particle experienceswith other gas particles should be quite high. Determinethe volume of a cube (in L) filled with helium such thatthe ratio of the number of collisions of helium atomswith the container walls to the number of intermolecularcollisions for a given helium atom is 1 quintillion
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Chemical Principles
- A sample of a compound of xenon and fluorine was confined in a bulb with a pressure of 18 tor. Hydrogen was added to the bulb until the pressure was 72 torr. Passage of an electric spark through the mixture produced Xe and HF. After the HF was removed by reaction with solid KOH, the final pressure of xenon and unreacted hydrogen in the bulb was 36 torr. What is the empirical formula of the xenon fluoride in the original sample? (Note: Xenon fluorides contain only one xenon atom per molecule.)arrow_forwardA mixture at 33 °C contains H2at 325 torr. N;at 475 tore and O2at 650. torr. What is the total pressure of the gases in the system? Which gas contains the greatest number of moles?arrow_forward5-114 Carbon dioxide gas, saturated with water vapor, can be produced by the addition of aqueous acid to calcium carbonate based on the following balanced net ionic equation: (a) How many moles of wet CO (g), collected at 60.°C and 774 torr total pressure, are produced by the complete reaction of 10.0 g of CaCO3 with excess acid? (b) What volume does this wet CO2 occupy? (c) What volume would the CO2 occupy at 774 torr if a desiccant (a chemical drying agent) were added to remove the water? The vapor pressure of water at 60.°C is 149.4 mm Hg.arrow_forward
- A gas effuses through an opening one-fifth as fast as helium gas effuses through the same opening. (a) Is the gas heavier than helium? (b) What is the molar mass of the gas?arrow_forward47 HCl(g) reacts with ammonia gas, NH3(g), to form solid ammonium chloride. If a sample of ammonia occupying 250 mL at 21 C and a pressure of 140 torr is allowed to react with excess HCl, what mass of NH4Cl will form?arrow_forwardIn an experiment in a general chemistry laboratory, a student collected a sample of a gas over water. The volume of the gas was 265 mL at a pressure of 753 torr and a temperature of 27 C. The mass of the gas was 0.472 g. What was the molar mass of the gas?arrow_forward
- perform stoichiometric ca1cu1uions for reactions involving gases as reactants or products.arrow_forwardThe oxides of Group 2A metals (symbolized by M here) react with carbon dioxide according to the following reaction: MO(s)+CO2(g)MCO3(s) A 2.85-g sample containing only MgO and CuO is placed in a 3.00-L container. The container is filled with CO2 to a pressure of 740. torr at 20.C. After the reaction has gone to completion, the pressure inside the flask is 390. torr at 20.C. What is the mass percent of MgO in the mixture? Assume that only the MgO reacts with CO2.arrow_forwardYou have an equimolar mixture of the gases SO2 and O2, along with some He, in a container fitted with a piston. The density of this mixture at STP is 1.924 g/L. Assume ideal behavior and constant temperature and pressure. a. What is the mole fraction of He in the original mixture? b. The SO2 and O2 react to completion to form SO3. What is the density of the gas mixture after the reaction is complete?arrow_forward
- A mixture of chromium and zinc weighing 0.362 g was reacted with an excess of hydrochloric acid. After all the metals in the mixture reacted, 225 mL dry of hydrogen gas was collected at 27C and 750. torr. Determine the mass percent of Zn in the metal sample. [Zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce zinc chloride and hydrogen gas; chromium reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce chromium(III) chloride and hydrogen gas.]arrow_forwardYou have a gas, one of the three known phosphorus-fluorine compounds (PF3, PF3, and P2F4). To find out which, you have decided to measure its molar mass. (a) First, yon determine that the density of the gas is 5.60 g/L at a pressure of 0.971 atm and a temperature of 18.2 C. Calculate the molar mass and identify the compound. (b) To check the results from part (a), you decide to measure the molar mass based on the relative rales of effusion of the unknown gas and CO2. You find that CO2 effuses at a rate of 0.050 mol/min, whereas the unknown phosphorus fluoride effuses at a rate of 0.028 mol/min. Calculate the molar mass of the unknown gas based on these results.arrow_forwardMany nitrate salts can be decomposed by heating. For example, blue, anhydrous copper(II) nitrate produces the gases nitrogen dioxide and oxygen when heated. In the laboratory, you find that a sample of this salt produced a 0.195-g mixture of gaseous NO2 and O2 with a total pressure of 725 mm Hg at 35 C in a 125-mL flask (and black, solid CuO was left as a residue). What is the average molar mass of the gas mixture? What are the mole fractions of NO2 and O2 in the mixture? What amount of each gas b in the mixture? Do these amounts reflect the relative amounts of NO2 and O2 expected based on the balanced equation? Is it possible that the fact that some NO2 molecules combine to give N2O4 plays a role? Heating copper(II) nitrate produces nitrogen dioxide and oxygen gas and leaves a residue of copper(ll) oxide.arrow_forward
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