Biology: Concepts and Investigations
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780078024207
Author: Mariëlle Hoefnagels Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 11WIO
Explain how C4 photosynthesis is based on a spatial arrangement of structures, whereas CAM photosynthesis is temporally based.
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CAM photosynthesis differs from C4 photosynthesis in that in CAM…
a) photorespiration occurs at a high rate.
b) photosynthesis occurs entirely at night.
c) photosynthesis extracts carbon from organic compounds.
d) photosynthesis is more efficient in times of drought.
e) photosynthesis is more efficient in high light environments.
Consider how the Hill Reaction might be used to investigate how the wavelength of light influences the rate electrons move in the electron transport chain of the chloroplast.
a) Design an experiment to compare the effects of blue light and green light on the Hill Reaction. (Assume that you have filters that you can attach to your light source to control the wavelength of light.)
b) Based on your knowledge of photosynthesis, how would you expect the color of the light to effect the movement of electrons?
c) Draw a line graph of your expected results.
34) During photosynthesis, electron transfer follows which sequence?
A) sun -> chlorophyll -> electron transport chain -> ATP i vo
B) water -> NADPH -> chlorophyll -> electron transport chain -> chlorophyll
C) water -> chlorophyll -> electron transport chain -> chlorophyll -> NADPH
Jen D) sugar -> electron transport chain -> oxygen -> ATP
Chapter 5 Solutions
Biology: Concepts and Investigations
Ch. 5.1 - What is photosynthesis? Describe the reactants and...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 5.1 - Prob. 3MCCh. 5.1 - Prob. 4MCCh. 5.1 - How did the origin of photosynthesis alter Earths...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 1MCCh. 5.2 - Prob. 2MCCh. 5.2 - Prob. 3MCCh. 5.2 - How does the reaction center chlorophyll interact...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 1MC
Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 2MCCh. 5.4 - Prob. 1MCCh. 5.4 - Prob. 2MCCh. 5.4 - Prob. 3MCCh. 5.4 - Prob. 4MCCh. 5.5 - What is the relationship between the light...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 2MCCh. 5.6 - Why is the Calvin cycle also called the C3...Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 2MCCh. 5.6 - What conditions maximize photorespiration?Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 4MCCh. 5.6 - How is the CAM pathway similar to C4 metabolism,...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 1MCCh. 5.7 - Prob. 2MCCh. 5 - Where does the energy come from to drive...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 5 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 5 - The evolution of photosynthesis resulted in a. an...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 5 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 5 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 5 - A plant that opens its stomata only at night is a...Ch. 5 - Imagine that multiple simultaneous volcanic...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2WIOCh. 5 - Prob. 3WIOCh. 5 - Would a plant grow belier in a room painted blue...Ch. 5 - Determine whether each of the following molecules...Ch. 5 - Of the many groups of photosynthetic bacteria,...Ch. 5 - Prob. 7WIOCh. 5 - Over the past decades, the CO2 concentration in...Ch. 5 - How does photosynthesis help compensate for...Ch. 5 - How is the CAM pathway adaptive in a desert...Ch. 5 - Explain how C4 photosynthesis is based on a...Ch. 5 - Explain why each of the following misconceptions...Ch. 5 - Prob. 1PITCh. 5 - 2. How would you incorporate the Calvin cycle,...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3PITCh. 5 - Prob. 4PITCh. 5 - Prob. 5PIT
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- 2.) A.) Explain how electron transfer leads to ATP biosynthesis in the light reactions of photosynthesis. You must give details about how electron flow builds a pH gradient and a description of the compartments in the chloroplast in relation to pH. Also, compare the ETC of the mitochondrion with the ETC of the light reactions for both the source and destination for electrons. B.) Would ATP biosynthesis happen if ionophores, which would create holes in the thylakoid membrane and allow uncontrolled passage of charged molecules such as protons between compartments, are provided to the chloroplast? Why or why not? C.) How would you modify Complex I of the electron transport chain to decrease ATP yield from Step 3 of β-oxidation? As part of this, you must explain why there is a difference in ATP yield between NADH and FADH 2 AND give a specific change to the ETC that would decrease ATP yield from Step 3arrow_forwardUsing the graph comparing photosynthetic rate and absorption of different wavelengths of light, what can be concluded? a) The photosynthesis rate at 550 nm is the highest b) Chlorophyll a absorbs wavelengths at both ends of the spectrum c) Chlorophyll b is associated with the greatest rate of photosynthesis. d) Carotenoids absorb the narrowest range of wavelengths of lightarrow_forwardWhich definition is INCORRECT? A) O Photoexcitation: light absorption leads to raising an electron to a higher energy state. C) O Photolysis: light absorption coupled to splitting a molecule. D) O Photophosphorylation: a form of substrate level phosphorylation used for ATP formation E) O Photosynthesis: is often photoexcitation and photolysis coupled with CO2 fixation and biosynthesisarrow_forward
- Identify the chemical basis for ApH and AY across the chloroplast thylakoid membrane by dragging the descriptions to their targets. Be sure to notice that the upper arrow iindicates ApH and the lower arrow indicates ΔΨ. ATP synthase complex H+ N ADP + P₁ Light energy ATP H*N Photosystem I/II- Chloroplast N side Aus PN ApH T + Thylakoid membrane HTp H+p Lumen Stroma P side Proton circuit A B High H concentration Low positive charge High positive charge Low H+ concentration Within the image, identify the types of proton translocation by dragging each label to its target. O XH₂ 2H+ + Z 2 H* ZH₂ O XH₂ Z 2H+ ZH₂ 2H+ C A B Proton pump Redox looparrow_forwardUsing the “basic” process of photosynthesis as a control, compare the actual processof C3 photosynthesis as well as contrast C4 and CAM photosynthesis.arrow_forwardThe elctrons lost from the reaction center photosytem 1 are replaced by electrons from? A) photosytem 2 B) CO2 C) H20 D) ATP Photophoshorylation during photosynthesis differs from oixdative phosphorylation during cellular respiration in that? A) energy is stored in the form of proton (H+) concentration difference B) The final electron acceptor is NADP+ and not oxygen C) It involves an electron transport chain D) Generation of ATP is driven by a flow or protons (H+) through ATP synthase In chloroplasts, ATP synthase? A) Is found in the stroma B) Catalyzes the Calvin cycle C) Helps produce the concentration of gradient of H+ D) Phosphorylates ADP to ATP Global warming due to the greenhouse effect may be? A) Moderate by photosynthesis, which removes carbon dioxide from the atmoshpere B) Reduced by the burning of fossil fuels, which removes oxygen from the atomosphere C) Of little concern, since it is part of normal cycle for the planet D) Made worse by photosynthesis, which adds carbon…arrow_forward
- 3) Under what conditions do photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur in plants? A) Photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur only in the light. B) Photosynthesis occurs only in the light, and cellular respiration occurs only in the dark. C) Photosynthesis occurs only in the light, and cellular respiration occurs in both the dark and the light. D) Photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur in both the dark and the light. 4) Use the following figure to answer the question. MAY 12 tv MacBook Proarrow_forwardThe purple sulfur bacteria using PSII produce reducing power (i.e. NADH) during the light reactions of photosynthesis by what process? a) The reverse TCA cycle b) The Calvin cycle c) Cyclic photophosphorylation d) Reverse electron flowarrow_forwardConsider the structures and functions of mitochondria and chloroplasts. For each of the statements below, identify which part(s) of the chloroplast or mitochondrion (identified by letters in the figure below) are described. Some answers may include more than 1 letter. In those cases, separate the letters by a single space (eg. c g) Electron transport chains are located in ------ Photosystem I and II are located in ------- Ubiquinone is located in ------- NADPH is produced in ------ Pyruvate oxidation takes place in ------ ATP is produced in ------ NAD+ is produced in ----- High H+ concentration is produced in ----- O2 is produced in ----- RuBP is produced in ------arrow_forward
- .Describe two examples of enzyme involvement in photosynthesis.arrow_forwardIn 1966, André Jagendorf and Ernest Uribe directly tested whether artificial proton gradients in isolated chloroplasts could support the generation of ATP without redox energy or light. Chloroplasts were suspended in the dark in low-pH buffer and allowed to equilibrate. When the buffer was changed to a higher pH and ADP and radiolabeled phosphate (32P) were added, 32p-labeled ATP accumulated in the stroma. Answer the following questions on the basis of the results of this experiment: pH 4 ++K o comune OpH 111 7!!! o↓ Measure amount of sip.ATP synthesized Allow to equilibrate OC. 8 OD. 6 Add ADP and p Choose one: ⒸA. 16 OB. 12 Which of the following is a true representation of the experimental design and results? B. Choose one: A. In order for ATP to be synthesized, the concentration of protons must be higher in the lumen than in the surrounding chloroplast solution. OB. ATP was used as an energy source to pump protons from the lumen into the stroma. OC. The proton-motive force…arrow_forwardATP energy molecules are synthesized during the oxidative phosphorylation of cellular respiration in mitochondria and the light reaction of photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Using the diagram below as a guide, compare and contrast the mechanisms of ATP synthesis in the two processes.arrow_forward
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