Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 47.3, Problem 3R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The significance of having a greater ratio of the force arm to load arm in the jaw joint as compared to the elbow joint.
Introduction:
A lever system is present in the bones that allow their movement by the muscles around the joints. Levers consist of three parts that are, load arm, fulcrum, and force arm. The fulcrum is represented by joint.
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Life: The Science of Biology
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- What is the defining feature of a synovial joint?arrow_forwardSynovial joints, like knees and hips, are sometimes replaced with artificial joints. What frictional idea must the designers of these joints keep in mind when creating artificial joints?arrow_forwardWhy do synovial joints require stabilization?arrow_forward
- The shoulder joint is prone to dislocations. What structural characteristics lead to this? What structural components prevent this? Which direction is the shoulder most commonly dislocated?arrow_forwardPassive Range Of Motion (related to joints) is usually greater than active range of motion, and active range of motion usually decreases sooner than passive Range Of Motion . Based on what you have learned about the factors that determine joint ROM, why do you think both of these statements are true?arrow_forwardFactors that influence the stability of a synovial joint include: (a) shape of articular surfaces, (b) presence of strong reinforcing ligaments, (c) tone of surrounding muscles, (d) all of these.arrow_forward
- An isometric exercise is one in which the joint angle does not change during the application of muscle force. For instance, you can join your hands together, pushing down with one hand and pushing up with the other. In each arm, the muscles that provide the force are connected to the bones of the arm by tendons. If you increase the forces but keep the angles the same, the muscles will still contract. Explain how this is possible.arrow_forwardWhich of the following joint types allows only two degrees of freedom of movement? O Fibrous Ball and socket O Pivot O Saddlearrow_forwardGIve specific joint as an exampleof each type of synovial joint movement: 1. Gliding 2. Angular Movement 3. Rotationarrow_forward
- Which of the following structures contribute to the stability of a synovial joint? O Muscles O Tendons O Ligaments O All of the abovearrow_forwardIn general, the most important factor(s) determining the stability of synovial joints is (a) interlocking shapes of the articular surfaces; (b) reinforcing ligaments; (c) ligaments and muscle tone; (d) synovial fluid, which acts like glue; (e) the body’s wrapping of skin, which holds the limbs together.arrow_forwardWhat is a pivot jointarrow_forward
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