Concept explainers
Interpretation: From the given options the correct option that contains species that are arranged in the increasing order of their atomic radius should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Atomic radius:
Atomic radius is the distance between the atomic nucleus and outermost electron of an atom. From the atomic radius, the size of atoms can be visualized. But there is no specific distance from nucleus to electron due to electron cloud around the atom does not have well-defined boundary.
Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.
In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group. There are seven periods and 18 groups present in the table and some of those groups are given particular name as follows,
Mass number: It is given by the total number of protons and the neutrons present in the nucleus of the element and it is denoted by symbol A. The subscript that lies on the left side of the symbol of the element represents the mass number.
Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.
Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.
The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.
In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Chemistry: Atoms First
- 2-89 Assume that a new element has been discovered with atomic number 117. Its chemical properties should be similar to those of astatine (At). Predict whether the new element’s ionization energy will be greater than, the same as, or smaller than that of: (a)At (b)Raarrow_forward2-43 Which group(s) of the Periodic Table contain(s): (a) Only metals? (b) Only metalloids? (c) Only nonmetals?arrow_forwardIn which of the following species is the difference betweenthe number of protons and the number of electrons largest?(a) Ti2+ (b) P3- (c) Mn (d) Se 2- (e) Ce4+arrow_forward
- Q1. This question is about atomic structure. (a) Write the full electron configuration for each of the following species. CH Fe2+ (b) Write an equation, including state symbols, to represent the process that occurs when the third ionisation energy of manganese is measured. (c) State which of the elements magnesium and aluminium has the lower first ionisation energy Explain your answer. (d) A sample of nickel was analysed in a time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. The sample was ionised by electron impact ionisation. The spectrum produced showed three peaks with abundances as set out in the table. m/z Abundance /% 58 61.0 60 29.1 61 9.9 Give the symbol, including mass number, of the ion that would reach the detector first in the sample. Calculate the relative atomic mass of the nickel in the sample. Give your answer to one decimal place. Page 2 of 12 Symbol of ion Relative atomic massarrow_forwardArrange the following sets of ions in order of decreasing ionic radii. (a) Br, Cl¯, O², s²- 02 Br > Cl- (b) Cs+, Fr+, Rb+ Fr+ Rb+ Cs+arrow_forwardQ2. This question is about the periodicity of the Period 3 elements. (a) State and explain the general trend in first ionisation energy across Period 3. Give one example of an element which deviates from the general trend in first (b) ionisation energy across Period 3. Explain why this deviation occurs. Page 3 of 12 (c) The table shows successive ionisation energies of an element Y in Period 3. lonisation number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 lonisation energy kJ mol- 1000 2260 3390 4540 6990 8490 27 100 31 700 Identify element Y Explain your answer using data from the table. (d) Identify the Period 3 element that has the highest melting point. Explain your answer by reference to structure and bonding.arrow_forward
- Rank the ions in each set in order of increasing size, and ex-plain your ranking:(a) Li⁺, K⁺, Na⁺(b) Se²⁻, Rb⁺, Br⁻(c) O²⁻, F⁻, N³⁻arrow_forwardRank the ions in each of the following sets in order of decreasing size. (a) O Se2- O Se2- O Se2- Rb+ O Rb+ O Rb+ O Br- O Br O Br This answer has not been graded yet. (b) O Lit O Lit O Lit O Kt O K+ O K+ O Na+ O Na+ O Na+ This answer has not been graded yet. (c) O Sr2+ O sr2+ O Sr2+ О Ва2+ O Ba2+ O Ba2+ O Cs+ O Cs+ O Cst This answer has not been graded yet. Submit Answer O o oarrow_forward( a ) Eva l u a te t h e expre s s i o n s 2 * 1, 2 * 11 + 32,2 * 11 + 3 + 52, and 2 * 11 + 3 + 5 + 72. (b) How do the atomic numbers of the noble gases relate to the numbersfrom part (a)? (c) What topic discussed in Chapter 6 is thesource of the number “2” in the expressions in part (a)?arrow_forward
- a ) Eva l u a te t h e expre s s i o n s 2 x 1, 2 x (1 + 3),2 x(1 + 3 + 5), and 2 x (1 + 3 + 5 + 7). (b) How do the atomic numbers of the noble gases relate to the numbersfrom part (a)? (c) What topic discussed is thesource of the number “2” in the expressions in part (a)?arrow_forward15. (a) b) Identify the element that is described by the following information. Refer to a periodic table if necessary. It is a group 14 (III A) metalloid in the 3rd period. It is a group 15 (VA) metalloid in the 5th period. It is the other metalloid in group 15 (VA). d) It is a halogen that exists in the liquid state at room temperature. 16. What is the relationship between electron arrangement and the organization of elements in the periodic table?arrow_forwardRead the given expression. X= number of protons - number of core electrons Which of the following explains the identity of X and its trends across a period? OX is the effective nuclear charge, and it remains constant across a period. OX is the screening constant, and it remains constant across a period. OXis the effective nuclear charge, and it increases across a period. OX is the screening constant, and it increases across a period.arrow_forward
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning