Given set of elements has to be arranged in increasing order of electron affinity . Concept Introduction: When an electron is added to an atom in gaseous phase, energy is released by the atom. This amount of energy released is known as electron affinity. A neutral atom is converted to anion when an electron is added. If the electron affinity value is positive, the atom of that element can accept an electron easily and if it is negative, the atom cannot accept the electron. Ionization energy and electron affinity are related directly. The trend of electron affinity in periodic table is that, it increases across the period and decreases down the period. This is because when we move across the period, the electrons are added to the same sub-shell, but when moving down the group, electrons are added to a new sub-shell. To arrange: The given elements in order of increasing electron affinity.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.58QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Given set of elements has to be arranged in increasing order of electron affinity.

Concept Introduction:

When an electron is added to an atom in gaseous phase, energy is released by the atom. This amount of energy released is known as electron affinity. A neutral atom is converted to anion when an electron is added. If the electron affinity value is positive, the atom of that element can accept an electron easily and if it is negative, the atom cannot accept the electron. Ionization energy and electron affinity are related directly.

The trend of electron affinity in periodic table is that, it increases across the period and decreases down the period. This is because when we move across the period, the electrons are added to the same sub-shell, but when moving down the group, electrons are added to a new sub-shell.

To arrange: The given elements in order of increasing electron affinity.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Given set of elements has to be arranged in increasing order of electron affinity.

Concept Introduction:

When an electron is added to an atom in gaseous phase, energy is released by the atom. This amount of energy released is known as electron affinity. A neutral atom is converted to anion when an electron is added. If the electron affinity value is positive, the atom of that element can accept an electron easily and if it is negative, the atom cannot accept the electron. Ionization energy and electron affinity are related directly.

The trend of electron affinity in periodic table is that, it increases across the period and decreases down the period. This is because when we move across the period, the electrons are added to the same sub-shell, but when moving down the group, electrons are added to a new sub-shell.

To arrange: The given elements in order of increasing electron affinity.

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(a) Rank elements: Na, Mg, Al, and K, in increasing order of: (i) atomic size; (ii) ionization energy, and (iii) reactivity. (b) Explain why atomic size decreases from left to right, but increases from top to bottom; (c) Explain why ionization energy increases from left to right, but decreases from top to bottom; (d) Explain why the reactivity of alkali metals (Group-1) increases from top to bottom, where as the reactivity of halogen (Group-17) decreases from top to bottom.

Boron, atomic number 5, occurs naturally as two isotopes, 10B and 11B, with natural abundances of 19.9% and 80.1%, respectively. (a) In what ways do the two isotopes differ from each other? Does the electronic configuration of 10B differ from that of 11B? (b) Draw the orbital diagram for an atom of 11B. Which electrons are the valence electrons? (c) Indicate three ways in which the 1s electrons in boron differ from its 2s electrons. (d) Elemental boron reacts with fluorine to form BF3, a gas. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of solid boron with fluorine gas. (e) ΔHf° for BF3(g) is -1135.6 kj/mol. Calculate the standard enthalpy change in the reaction of boron with fluorine. (f) Will the mass percentage of F be the same in 10BF3 and 11BF3? If not, why is that the case?

Arrange the following chemical species in order of increasing atomic radius. Explain your arrangement in each case. (a) K, Mg, Ca, Al (b) F–, S2–, Cl–.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.58QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Given set of elements has to be arranged in increasing order of electron affinity.

Concept Introduction:

When an electron is added to an atom in gaseous phase, energy is released by the atom. This amount of energy released is known as electron affinity. A neutral atom is converted to anion when an electron is added. If the electron affinity value is positive, the atom of that element can accept an electron easily and if it is negative, the atom cannot accept the electron. Ionization energy and electron affinity are related directly.

The trend of electron affinity in periodic table is that, it increases across the period and decreases down the period. This is because when we move across the period, the electrons are added to the same sub-shell, but when moving down the group, electrons are added to a new sub-shell.

To arrange: The given elements in order of increasing electron affinity.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Given set of elements has to be arranged in increasing order of electron affinity.

Concept Introduction:

When an electron is added to an atom in gaseous phase, energy is released by the atom. This amount of energy released is known as electron affinity. A neutral atom is converted to anion when an electron is added. If the electron affinity value is positive, the atom of that element can accept an electron easily and if it is negative, the atom cannot accept the electron. Ionization energy and electron affinity are related directly.

The trend of electron affinity in periodic table is that, it increases across the period and decreases down the period. This is because when we move across the period, the electrons are added to the same sub-shell, but when moving down the group, electrons are added to a new sub-shell.

To arrange: The given elements in order of increasing electron affinity.

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.58QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Given set of elements has to be arranged in increasing order of electron affinity.

Concept Introduction:

When an electron is added to an atom in gaseous phase, energy is released by the atom. This amount of energy released is known as electron affinity. A neutral atom is converted to anion when an electron is added. If the electron affinity value is positive, the atom of that element can accept an electron easily and if it is negative, the atom cannot accept the electron. Ionization energy and electron affinity are related directly.

The trend of electron affinity in periodic table is that, it increases across the period and decreases down the period. This is because when we move across the period, the electrons are added to the same sub-shell, but when moving down the group, electrons are added to a new sub-shell.

To arrange: The given elements in order of increasing electron affinity.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Given set of elements has to be arranged in increasing order of electron affinity.

Concept Introduction:

When an electron is added to an atom in gaseous phase, energy is released by the atom. This amount of energy released is known as electron affinity. A neutral atom is converted to anion when an electron is added. If the electron affinity value is positive, the atom of that element can accept an electron easily and if it is negative, the atom cannot accept the electron. Ionization energy and electron affinity are related directly.

The trend of electron affinity in periodic table is that, it increases across the period and decreases down the period. This is because when we move across the period, the electrons are added to the same sub-shell, but when moving down the group, electrons are added to a new sub-shell.

To arrange: The given elements in order of increasing electron affinity.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.58QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Given set of elements has to be arranged in increasing order of electron affinity.

Concept Introduction:

When an electron is added to an atom in gaseous phase, energy is released by the atom. This amount of energy released is known as electron affinity. A neutral atom is converted to anion when an electron is added. If the electron affinity value is positive, the atom of that element can accept an electron easily and if it is negative, the atom cannot accept the electron. Ionization energy and electron affinity are related directly.

The trend of electron affinity in periodic table is that, it increases across the period and decreases down the period. This is because when we move across the period, the electrons are added to the same sub-shell, but when moving down the group, electrons are added to a new sub-shell.

To arrange: The given elements in order of increasing electron affinity.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Given set of elements has to be arranged in increasing order of electron affinity.

Concept Introduction:

When an electron is added to an atom in gaseous phase, energy is released by the atom. This amount of energy released is known as electron affinity. A neutral atom is converted to anion when an electron is added. If the electron affinity value is positive, the atom of that element can accept an electron easily and if it is negative, the atom cannot accept the electron. Ionization energy and electron affinity are related directly.

The trend of electron affinity in periodic table is that, it increases across the period and decreases down the period. This is because when we move across the period, the electrons are added to the same sub-shell, but when moving down the group, electrons are added to a new sub-shell.

To arrange: The given elements in order of increasing electron affinity.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 4, Problem 4.58QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Given set of elements has to be arranged in increasing order of electron affinity.

Concept Introduction:

When an electron is added to an atom in gaseous phase, energy is released by the atom. This amount of energy released is known as electron affinity. A neutral atom is converted to anion when an electron is added. If the electron affinity value is positive, the atom of that element can accept an electron easily and if it is negative, the atom cannot accept the electron. Ionization energy and electron affinity are related directly.

The trend of electron affinity in periodic table is that, it increases across the period and decreases down the period. This is because when we move across the period, the electrons are added to the same sub-shell, but when moving down the group, electrons are added to a new sub-shell.

To arrange: The given elements in order of increasing electron affinity.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Given set of elements has to be arranged in increasing order of electron affinity.

Concept Introduction:

When an electron is added to an atom in gaseous phase, energy is released by the atom. This amount of energy released is known as electron affinity. A neutral atom is converted to anion when an electron is added. If the electron affinity value is positive, the atom of that element can accept an electron easily and if it is negative, the atom cannot accept the electron. Ionization energy and electron affinity are related directly.

The trend of electron affinity in periodic table is that, it increases across the period and decreases down the period. This is because when we move across the period, the electrons are added to the same sub-shell, but when moving down the group, electrons are added to a new sub-shell.

To arrange: The given elements in order of increasing electron affinity.

Answer 6

Chapter 4, Problem 4.58QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Given set of elements has to be arranged in increasing order of electron affinity.

Concept Introduction:

When an electron is added to an atom in gaseous phase, energy is released by the atom. This amount of energy released is known as electron affinity. A neutral atom is converted to anion when an electron is added. If the electron affinity value is positive, the atom of that element can accept an electron easily and if it is negative, the atom cannot accept the electron. Ionization energy and electron affinity are related directly.

The trend of electron affinity in periodic table is that, it increases across the period and decreases down the period. This is because when we move across the period, the electrons are added to the same sub-shell, but when moving down the group, electrons are added to a new sub-shell.

To arrange: The given elements in order of increasing electron affinity.

Answer 7

Chapter 4, Problem 4.58QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Given set of elements has to be arranged in increasing order of electron affinity.

Concept Introduction:

When an electron is added to an atom in gaseous phase, energy is released by the atom. This amount of energy released is known as electron affinity. A neutral atom is converted to anion when an electron is added. If the electron affinity value is positive, the atom of that element can accept an electron easily and if it is negative, the atom cannot accept the electron. Ionization energy and electron affinity are related directly.

The trend of electron affinity in periodic table is that, it increases across the period and decreases down the period. This is because when we move across the period, the electrons are added to the same sub-shell, but when moving down the group, electrons are added to a new sub-shell.

To arrange: The given elements in order of increasing electron affinity.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Given set of elements has to be arranged in increasing order of electron affinity.

Concept Introduction:

When an electron is added to an atom in gaseous phase, energy is released by the atom. This amount of energy released is known as electron affinity. A neutral atom is converted to anion when an electron is added. If the electron affinity value is positive, the atom of that element can accept an electron easily and if it is negative, the atom cannot accept the electron. Ionization energy and electron affinity are related directly.

The trend of electron affinity in periodic table is that, it increases across the period and decreases down the period. This is because when we move across the period, the electrons are added to the same sub-shell, but when moving down the group, electrons are added to a new sub-shell.

To arrange: The given elements in order of increasing electron affinity.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Given set of elements has to be arranged in increasing order of electron affinity.

Concept Introduction:

When an electron is added to an atom in gaseous phase, energy is released by the atom. This amount of energy released is known as electron affinity. A neutral atom is converted to anion when an electron is added. If the electron affinity value is positive, the atom of that element can accept an electron easily and if it is negative, the atom cannot accept the electron. Ionization energy and electron affinity are related directly.

The trend of electron affinity in periodic table is that, it increases across the period and decreases down the period. This is because when we move across the period, the electrons are added to the same sub-shell, but when moving down the group, electrons are added to a new sub-shell.

To arrange: The given elements in order of increasing electron affinity.

Answer 10

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.1WE Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 1PPA Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 1PPB Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 1PPC Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.1.1SR Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.1.2SR Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.1.3SR Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4.2WE Ch. 4.2 - Without using a periodic table, give the...Ch. 4.2 - Identify the elements represented by (a)...

Solution Summary: The author explains the trend in electron affinity of the given elements in group 1A in periodic table.

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