Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 44, Problem 9TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The vertebrate eye has retina which contains two types of photoreceptor cells; rods and cones. The retina has the ability to absorb a different wavelength of light which helps in the detection of different colors present in the environment.
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Each of the following statements is false. Correct each statement to make it true. a. Activation of rhodopsin depolarizes photoreceptors. b. Activated rhodopsin activates transducin which deactivates cGMP phosphodiesterase. c. Cyclic GMP binds sodium channels, keeping them open, leading to the depolarization of photoreceptor in light.
Which of the following statements is correct
A. The innermost layer of the retina contains mainly photoreceptors
B. The axons that form the optic nerve emerge only from ganglion cells.
C. Several types of ganglion cells spike whereas the others do not.
D. Two of the statements are correct.
E. All three statements are correct.
Which one of the following statements about photoreception is true?
a. Light detection is initiated by the absorbance of light (a photon) by a photopigment molecule.
b. Light detection is synonomous with vision.
c. Light detection is always initiated in a rod photoreceptor located in the retina.
d. Only light in the visible range (between 400 and 700 nm wavelength) can be detected by animals.
e. None of the above answer choices (neither A, nor B, nor C, nor D) is true.
Chapter 44 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 44.1 - Prob. 1CSCh. 44.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 44.2 - Prob. 1CSCh. 44.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.2 - Prob. 2CSCh. 44.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 44.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 44.5 - Prob. 1CSCh. 44.5 - Why is red-green color blindness rare in females?Ch. 44.5 - Prob. 2CS
Ch. 44.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.6 - Prob. 1EQCh. 44.6 - CoreSKILL Of the two hypotheses explaining how...Ch. 44.6 - Prob. 3EQCh. 44.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 44 - The process in which incoming sensory stimulation...Ch. 44 - Prob. 2TYCh. 44 - ______blanksense pain; ______blank sense heat or...Ch. 44 - Prob. 4TYCh. 44 - In which process(es) are hair cells involved? a....Ch. 44 - Prob. 6TYCh. 44 - In the mammalian eye, light from near or far...Ch. 44 - Prob. 8TYCh. 44 - Prob. 9TYCh. 44 - The stimulation for olfaction involves odorant...Ch. 44 - Prob. 1CQCh. 44 - Prob. 2CQCh. 44 - Prob. 3CQCh. 44 - Discuss the several types of sensory stimuli that...Ch. 44 - Prob. 2COQ
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- Colour blindness can result from the loss of specific types of cones, or it can occur in individuals having fewer cones of a given type. An individual has 50% less than the normal number of green cone photoreceptors in his or her retina. How would this affect his or her vision? a. This person has night blindness. He or she should start to eat more carrots to replenish the stock of retinal molecules in the retina. b. This person will have difficulty adapting to varying light levels. His or her cone receptors take much longer to adapt in a brightly lit area. c. This person does not have a colour blindness because no green cone photoreceptors are in the retina; only red, yellow, and blue photoreceptors exist. d. This person has a mild green colour blindness. He or she cannot see green colours very clearly and has difficulty distinguishing colours involving green hues.arrow_forwardChoose the structure that corresponds to each statement. a. bipolar cell layer e. macula lutea b. central fovea f. optic disc c. cones g. photoreceptor layer d. ganglion cell layer h. rods 1. has the highest density of cones in the retina 2. axons form optic nerve 3. does not contain photoreceptors; blind spot 4. photoreceptor that allows us to see color 5. contains rods and cones 6. the center of the neural portion of the retina 7. photoreceptor used in night vision 8. rods and cones synapse on these cellsarrow_forwardVision is a complex process. The human eye has many structures that contribute to vision. Which of the following statements describing the structures involved in the process of vision is NOT correct? a. Ciliary muscles change the shape of the lens to focus both near and distant objects. b. The cornea and lens bend light to focus the image on the retina. c. The iris relaxes and contracts to protect the retina from excess light. d. Lenses move forward or backward to control the amount of light striking the retina.arrow_forward
- Given these neurons in the retina:(1) bipolar cells (2) ganglionic cells (3) photoreceptor cellsChoose the arrangement that lists the correct order of the cells encountered by light as it enters the eye and travels toward the pigmentedlayer of the retina.a. 1,2,3 b. 1,3,2 c. 2,1,3 d. 2,3,1 e. 3,1,2arrow_forwardThis image is of the very back of the eye. Light would be coming in from the left towards the right side. WHich label indicates the photo receptor rod and cone cells? A. middle layer, red and green B. rods and cones are not in this image, they are much closer to the front of the eye ball C. far right side, purple and yellow D. far left side, grayarrow_forwardWhen you are stalking your friend's social media via a smartphone.a. In your opinion, which receptor organs and cells function to process light stimuli so that they can be transmitted to neurons to become an electrical signal. Explain your answer!b. Describe in detail how the light transduction process pathway to the eye, so that it can see an information from your smartphone!arrow_forward
- The dissociation of rhodopsin in the rods in response to light causes a.the Na+ channels to become blocked. b.the rods to secrete less neurotransmitter. c.the bipolar cells to become either stimulated or inhibited. d.all of these.arrow_forwardA bar of light in a specific part of the retina, with a particular length and orientation, is the most effective stimulus for a.retinal ganglion cells. b.lateral geniculate cells. c.simple cortical cells. d.complex cortical cells.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is TRUE about cone cells? a. The three types of cones that humans have are called Q-cones, R-cones, and S-cones b. There are no cones at all in areas important for peripheral vision c. There are more cones than rods in areas of the retina that are important for peripheral vision d. There are no cones where the optic nerve leaves the eyeballarrow_forward
- Which of the following descriptions of photoreceptors in the eye is NOT correct? a. Cones are concentrated in the fovea of the retina and function to detect colours. b. Rods are concentrated at the periphery and function well in dim light. c. Rods are concentrated in the fovea of the retina and function well in dim light. d. Rods are sensitive to light and register black and white. Cones detect colours.arrow_forwardThe transduction process of converting light into neural signals sent to the central nervous system involves which of these steps? A. Bipolar Cells collect signals from Rods and Cones. B. The Optic Nerve carries signals about light from the Lateral Geniculate Nuclues to the Retinal Ganglion Cells. C. Retinal Ganglion Cells relay information to Rods and Cones. D. Light that reaches the eyes passes first through the Retina which focuses that light onto the Cornea.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements aboutphotopic vision is false?a. It is mediated by the cones.b. It has a low threshold.c. It produces fine resolution.d. It does not function in starlight.e. It does not employ rhodopsin.arrow_forward
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