Chapter 4.3, Problem 16SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The number of protons and electrons in a fluorine atom is to be calculated.

Concept Introduction : J. J. Thomson's discovery of the electron, a negatively charged subatomic particle, orbits around the nucleus. The positively charged subatomic particles known as protons were first found in the nucleus by Eugen Goldstein.

Answer to Problem 16SP

There are 9 protons and 9 electrons in fluorine.

Explanation of Solution

An element is identified by its atomic number.

The atomic number of fluorine is 9. The atomic number is equal to the no. of protons. In a neutral atom, the number of protons and electrons is equal.

As the atomic number of fluorine is 9, the neutral fluorine atom has 9 protons and 9 electrons.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The number of protons and electrons in a calcium atom is to be calculated.

Concept Introduction : J. J. Thomson's discovery of the electron, a negatively charged subatomic particle, orbits around the nucleus. The positively charged subatomic particles known as protons were first found in the nucleus by Eugen Goldstein.

Answer to Problem 16SP

There are 20 protons and 20 electrons in calcium.

Explanation of Solution

An element is identified by its atomic number.

The atomic number of calcium is 20. The atomic number is equal to the no. of protons. In a neutral atom, the number of protons and electrons is equal.

As the atomic number of calcium is 20, the neutral calcium atom has 20 protons and 20 electrons.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The number of protons and electrons in an aluminum atom is to be calculated.

Concept Introduction : J. J. Thomson's discovery of the electron, a negatively charged subatomic particle, orbits around the nucleus. The positively charged subatomic particles known as protons were first found in the nucleus by Eugen Goldstein.

Answer to Problem 16SP

There are 13 protons and 13 electrons in aluminum.

Explanation of Solution

An element is identified by its atomic number.

The atomic number of aluminum is 13. The atomic number is equal to the no. of protons. In a neutral atom, the number of protons and electrons is equal.

As the atomic number of aluminum is 13, the neutral aluminum atom has 13 protons and 13 electrons.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The number of protons and electrons in a potassium atom is to be calculated.

Concept Introduction : Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that revolve around the nucleus discovered by J. J. Thomson.Protons are positively charged subatomic particles present in the nucleus discovered by Eugen Goldstein.

Answer to Problem 16SP

There are 19 protons and 19 electrons in potassium.

Explanation of Solution

An element is identified by its atomic number.

The atomic number of potassium is 19. The atomic number is equal to the no. of protons. In a neutral atom, the number of protons and electrons is equal.

As the atomic number of potassium is 19, the neutral potassium atom has 19 protons and 19 electrons.