Chapter 4, Problem 37A

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The statement given by Dalton is to be agreed upon or not to be explained.

Concept Introduction : John Dalton was the first to make the modern atomic discovery.

Dalton used experimental methods to transform Democritus' ideas on atoms into a scientific theory.

Answer to Problem 37A

Dalton would have agreed with the statement “The mass of an iron atom is different from the mass of a copper atom”.

Explanation of Solution

Dalton developed theories and hypotheses to explain his observations.

Dalton's atomic theory is the name given to the outcome of his research.

He researched the ratios at which the elements combine during chemical reactions.

The given statement agrees with Dalton’s postulate.

This is because according to Dalton’s postulate, atoms are the tiny, indivisible building blocks that make up all elements.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The statement given by Dalton is to be agreed upon or not to be explained.

Concept Introduction : John Dalton was the first to make the modern atomic discovery.

Dalton used experimental methods to transform Democritus' ideas on atoms into a scientific theory.

Answer to Problem 37A

Dalton would have agreed with the statement “Atoms are the smallest particles of matter”.

Explanation of Solution

Dalton developed theories and hypotheses to explain his observations.

Dalton's atomic theory is the name given to the outcome of his research.

He researched the ratios at which the elements combine during chemical reactions.

The given statement agrees with Dalton’s postulate.

This is because according to Dalton’s postulate, each element has unique atoms that are distinct from those of every other element.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The statement given by Dalton is to be agreed upon or not to be explained.

Concept Introduction : John Dalton was the first to make the modern atomic discovery.

Dalton used experimental methods to transform Democritus' ideas on atoms into a scientific theory.

Answer to Problem 37A

Dalton would have agreed with the statement “Every atom of silver is identical to every other atom of silver”.

Explanation of Solution

Dalton developed theories and hypotheses to explain his observations.

Dalton's atomic theory is the name given to the outcome of his research.

He researched the ratios at which the elements combine during chemical reactions.

The given statement agrees with Dalton’s postulate.

This is because according to Dalton’s postulate, atoms are identical when it comes to the same element.

d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The statement given by Dalton is to be agreed upon or not to be explained.

Concept Introduction : John Dalton was the first to make the modern atomic discovery.

Dalton used experimental methods to transform Democritus' ideas on atoms into a scientific theory.

Answer to Problem 37A

Dalton would have agreed with the statement “A compound is composed of atoms of two or more elements”.

Explanation of Solution

Dalton developed theories and hypotheses to explain his observations.

Dalton's atomic theory is the name given to the outcome of his research.

He researched the ratios at which the elements combine during chemical reactions.

The given statement agrees with Dalton’s postulate.

This is because according to Dalton’s postulate, compounds can be created by the chemical or physical mixing of atoms from various elements in whole-number ratios.