Foundations in Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259705212
Author: Kathleen Park Talaro, Barry Chess Instructor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 4.3, Problem 12CYP
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Peptidoglycan is the major component of cell wall that give sit the strength. It is made of long chains of glycans cross-linked by peptide bonds.
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Foundations in Microbiology
Ch. 4.1 - Describe the fundamental characteristics of cells.Ch. 4.1 - Identify the primary properties that define life...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 4.1 - Name several general characteristics that could be...Ch. 4.2 - Describe the generalized anatomy of bacterial...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4ELOCh. 4.2 - Describe the structure and position of bacterial...Ch. 4.2 - Explain how flagella influence motility and motile...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 7ELOCh. 4.2 - Define glycocalyx, and describe its different...
Ch. 4.2 - What other microbial groups besides bacteria have...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4CYPCh. 4.2 - How does the flagellum dictate the behavior of a...Ch. 4.2 - Differentiate between the structure and functions...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 7CYPCh. 4.2 - Prob. 8CYPCh. 4.2 - Prob. 9CYPCh. 4.2 - Explain how the bacterial glycocalyx and certain...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 9ELOCh. 4.3 - Outline the structure and functions of cell walls,...Ch. 4.3 - Contrast the major structure of gram-positive and...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 12ELOCh. 4.3 - Relate the characteristics of other types of cell...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 14ELOCh. 4.3 - Prob. 11CYPCh. 4.3 - Prob. 12CYPCh. 4.3 - Prob. 13CYPCh. 4.3 - How does the precise structure of the cell walls...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 15CYPCh. 4.3 - Prob. 16CYPCh. 4.3 - Describe the medical impact of the cell walls of...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 18CYPCh. 4.3 - Prob. 19CYPCh. 4.4 - Prob. 15ELOCh. 4.4 - Prob. 16ELOCh. 4.4 - Characterize the bacterial ribosomes and...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 18ELOCh. 4.4 - Prob. 19ELOCh. 4.4 - Discuss the resistance and significance of...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 20CYPCh. 4.4 - What is unique about the structure of bacterial...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 22CYPCh. 4.4 - Prob. 23CYPCh. 4.4 - Describe the way endospores are formed, their...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 25CYPCh. 4.4 - Why are spores so difficult to destroy?Ch. 4.5 - Describe the shapes of bacteria and their possible...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 22ELOCh. 4.5 - Outline the size ranges among bacteria and in...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 27CYPCh. 4.5 - Prob. 28CYPCh. 4.5 - What are vibrios and coccobacilli?Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 30CYPCh. 4.5 - Prob. 31CYPCh. 4.5 - Prob. 32CYPCh. 4.6 - Prob. 24ELOCh. 4.6 - Prob. 25ELOCh. 4.6 - Outline a basic system of bacterial taxonomy.Ch. 4.6 - Explain the species and subspecies levels for...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 33CYPCh. 4.6 - Prob. 34CYPCh. 4.6 - Prob. 35CYPCh. 4.7 - Differentiate various groups of photosynthetic...Ch. 4.7 - Characterize the types of obligate intracellular...Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 30ELOCh. 4.7 - Prob. 31ELOCh. 4.7 - Prob. 32ELOCh. 4.7 - Prob. 36CYPCh. 4.7 - Name two main groups of obligate intracellular...Ch. 4.7 - Explain the characteristics of archaea that...Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 39CYPCh. 4.7 - Describe the three major archaeal lifestyles and...Ch. 4.L1 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 4.L1 - Viruses are not considered living things because...Ch. 4.L1 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 4.L1 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 4.L1 - Pili are appendages in _________ bacteria that...Ch. 4.L1 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 4.L1 - Which of the following is a primary bacterial cell...Ch. 4.L1 - Which of the following is present in both...Ch. 4.L1 - Metachromatic granules are concentrated ________...Ch. 4.L1 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 4.L1 - Prob. 11MCQCh. 4.L1 - Prob. 12MCQCh. 4.L1 - Prob. 13MCQCh. 4.L1 - Prob. 14MCQCh. 4.L1 - Prob. 15MCQCh. 4.L1 - To which taxonomic group do cyanobacteria belong?...Ch. 4.L1 - Prob. 17MCQCh. 4.L1 - The first living cells on earth would most likely...Ch. 4.L1 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 4.L1 - Prob. 2CSRCh. 4.L1 - What is a biofilm, and how did it form on the...Ch. 4.L1 - Label the parts on the bacterial cell featured...Ch. 4.L1 - Discuss the collection of properties that are used...Ch. 4.L1 - Describe the basic process of biofilm formation.Ch. 4.L1 - Prob. 4WCCh. 4.L1 - Prob. 5WCCh. 4.L2 - Using clay, demonstrate how cocci can divide in...Ch. 4.L2 - Prob. 2CTCh. 4.L2 - Prob. 3CTCh. 4.L2 - Prob. 4CTCh. 4.L2 - a. Name a bacterial group that uses chlorophyll to...Ch. 4.L2 - Propose a hypothesis to explain how bacteria and...Ch. 4.L2 - Prob. 7CTCh. 4.L2 - Prob. 8CTCh. 4.L2 - Describe the shapes and arrangements of bacteria...Ch. 4.L2 - Prob. 1VCCh. 4.L2 - What kinds of cells are shown here? Explain what...
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- Is the prokaryotic cell still able to synthesize proteins without the compartmentalized structures?arrow_forwardWhich ONE of the following best describes amoxicillin? Select one: A. A natural product produced by Streptomyces spp. B. Suitable for use alone against beta-lactamase-producing bacteria C. Inhibits the transglycosylation step in peptidoglycan synthesis D. The presence of an amino group facilitates entry through water-filled porins within the outer membrane of E. coli E. Is classified as a carbapenemarrow_forwardGram staining is a common technique used to differentiate two large groups of bacteria based on their different cell wall constituents. The Gram stain procedure distinguishes between Gram positive and Gram negative groups by coloring these cells red or violet. Gram positive bacteria stain violet due to the presence of a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls, which retains the crystal violet these cells are stained with. Alternatively, Gram negative bacteria stain red, which is attributed to a thinner peptidoglycan wall, which does not retain the crystal violet during the decoloring process - s. epidermidis a gram-positve coccus - E. coli a gram-negative bacillus - C. xerosis a gram-positive bacillus How does each organism fulfill a specific niche based on the information provided above?arrow_forward
- Beta lactam antibiotics disrupt peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to the bacterial enzyme necessary for peptide bond formation between TPCS of different PG layers.arrow_forwardPlease depict a noncovalent interaction important for the function of lysozyme.arrow_forwardWhat is the function of peptidoglycan in bacterial cells?arrow_forward
- Consider the synthesis of a polypeptide by a prokaryote ribosome. When the polymerization of amino acids to form a polypeptide chain occurs and the molecule is still completely linear, what is the level of structure in the protein? A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternaryarrow_forward32. The antimetabolites inhibit: a) the ribosome assembly b) the ribosome movement c) cell respiration d) glycolysis e) the Krebs cyclearrow_forwardDeduce the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide from the following:1. Acid hydrolysis gives Ala2, Arg, Lys2, Met, Phe, Ser22. Carboxypeptidase gives Ala3. Trypsin digestion gives 4 peptides a) Ala, Arg b) Lys, Phe, Ser c) Lys d) Ala, Met, Ser4. CNBr treatment gives a) Ala, Arg, Lys2, homoserine, Phe, Ser b) Ala, Ser5. Thermolysin is a protease that cuts on the N-terminal side of hydrophobic amino acids (substrate preference is Leu, Ile, Phe, Trp, Tyr, Val). Thermolysin treatment of our polypeptide yields 2 peptides a) Ala, Arg, Ser b) Ala, Lys2, Met, Phe, Serarrow_forward
- Consider the synthesis of a polypeptide by a ribosome of a prokaryote cell. As the polymerization of amino acids to form a polypeptide chain occurs and the molecule is still completely linear, what is the level of structure in the protein? a) primary, b) secondary, c) tertiary, d) quaternary, e) Because they are ionic, they only form crystals.arrow_forwardClassify ther following enzyme ? Amino peptidasearrow_forwardExplain the significance why protein extraction is important Note: Explain in 150-200 wordsarrow_forward
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