BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781260670929
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Chapter 4.2, Problem 3MC
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The protein that is oxidized and that is reduced when electrons pass from the first to the second protein in the electron transport chain.
Introduction:
Electrons can carry energy. The energy transformations in organisms mostly occur in oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions. These reactions transfer energized electrons from one molecule to another electron. Oxidation means the loss of electrons, and their energy from a molecule, an atom, or an ion. Reduction means a gain of electrons and their energy.
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First find and label ATP Synthase on the diagram below. Make boxes and add the labels for
ATP, ADP, and Pi. Use an arrow indicating ATP being made by the right part of the synthase.
This diagram also shows the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Work with your team to add the
following labels
Complexes l-IV
Intermembrane space
02
FADH2
FAD
H20
NAD+
Matrix
NADH
Path of electrons
Protons
Figure 7.10b
Biology: How Life Works, Second Edition
© 2016 Macmillan Education
Explain the electron transport chain. Mention the sites of ATP synthesis. Add a note on inhibitors and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation.
Describe the key components of the electron-transport chain and how they are arranged
Chapter 4 Solutions
BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT
Ch. 4.1 - Describe how your body has potential and kinetic...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 1MCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 2MCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 3MCCh. 4.3 - Prob. 1MCCh. 4.3 - Describe the relationship between energy-requiring...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 1MCCh. 4.4 - Prob. 2MCCh. 4.4 - What is the role of negative feedback in enzyme...
Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4MCCh. 4.5 - Prob. 1MCCh. 4.5 - What types of substances diffuse freely across a...Ch. 4.5 - What would happen to a plant cell in a hypertonic...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 4MCCh. 4.5 - Prob. 5MCCh. 4.5 - Prob. 6MCCh. 4 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 4 - How does ATP participate in coupled reactions? a....Ch. 4 - How do proteins contribute to the function of an...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 4 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 4 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 4 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 4 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 4 - How does ATP relate to membrane transport? a. The...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1WIOCh. 4 - Prob. 2WIOCh. 4 - Prob. 3WIOCh. 4 - Prob. 4WIOCh. 4 - Use what you know about enzymes to propose an...Ch. 4 - Considering that enzymes are essential to all...Ch. 4 - Prob. 7WIOCh. 4 - Prob. 8WIOCh. 4 - Prob. 9WIOCh. 4 - List three ways the content in this chapter...Ch. 4 - Golden knifefish use an electric field to detect...Ch. 4 - Review Burning Question 4.4, which explains how...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1PITCh. 4 - Prob. 2PITCh. 4 - Prob. 3PITCh. 4 - Prob. 4PIT
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- Review your understanding of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation by classifying each characteristic below according to its pathway for cellular energy transfer. Enzyme location: Mitochondrial matrix Final product: Pyruvate (under aerobic conditions) Entering substrates: Acetyl coenzyme A and some amino acid intermediates ATP production: 3 ATP from each NADH + H+ and 2 ATP from each FADH2 Entering substrates: glucose and other monosaccharides Final product 2 CO2 for each acetyl coenzyme A Final product: Intermediates used for amino acid/organic molecule synthesis Enzyme location: Cytosol Coenzyme production: 3 NADH + 3H- and 1 FADH2 Coenzyme production: 2 NADH + 2 H (under aerobic conditions) ATP production: 2 per glucose molecule ATP production: 1 GTP formed directly can be converted to ATP Entering substrates Hydrogen ions and molecular oxygen Final product H2O - one molecule for each pair of hydrogen ions Enzyme location: Inner mitochondrial membrane Final…arrow_forwardLook at the image of the electron transport chain below. Using the information provided in the picture only, in 4 or more sentences explain what is occurring. In your answer you must mention: electrons (e), NADH, FADH2, H* ions, ATP synthase and ATP. mitochondria ELECTRON INPUT electrons from TRANSPORT Kreb's Electron Cycle Transport NADH and FADH2 OUTPUT 34-36 ATP H+ H+ H* H' H+ ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN ATP SYNTHASE H' ADP ATP NADH FADH, H.arrow_forwardThe following statements describe the path of electrons from NADH through the electron transport chain. Please arrange them in order: Cytochrome c (Fe2+) carries electrons to Complex IV. Cytochrome c (Fe3+) is reduced to cytochrome c (Fe2+) QH2 carries electrons to Complex III Oxygen is reduced to water Ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) is reduced to ubiquinol (QH2)arrow_forward
- (c) Compare the differences between oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation by redrawing (if necessary) and completing the table given below: Table 1: Comparison of oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation Photophosphorylation Organelle Source of electrons Final electron acceptor Source of energy Role of ATParrow_forwardBase from the diagram 1. what is the final electron acceptor of the electrons removed from the intermeddiate compounds in the glucose and catabolism? 2. what is the process in the electron transport chain that makes us energy from a proton gradient to make ATP? 3. What is the function of ATP synthase in the last stage of cellular respiration?arrow_forwardChoose all of the following true statements. Hint: 6 statements are true. □ If an electron moves from an atom of higher electronegativity to an atom with lower electronegativity, energy is released. O Glycolysis occurs with or without oxygen present. Other biomolecules such as lipids, disaccharides, and proteins can enter the biochemical pathway of aerobic respiration just not directly into the first step of glycolysis. Molecules other than glucose can be broken down and used to build up ATP in aerobic respiration. Glycolysis occurs during both alcohol and lactic acid fermentation, producing 2 net ATP. The higher the electronegativity of an atom, the tighter it holds an electron and the lower its potential energy. Water is the final electron acceptor of the ETC in aerobic respiration. Each protein component of the ETC in aerobic respiration is more electronegative than the last.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements are true?For each, explain why or why not.(a) All coenzymes are electron-transfer agents.(b) Coenzymes do not contain phosphorus or sulfur.(c) Generating ATP is a way of storing energy.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is most correct? The electron transport chain - A: generates a pH gradient that reduces O2 to H2O B: generates a proton gradient across the outer mito membrane C: generates a proton gradient across the inner mito membrane D: uses the energy stored in high energy electron carriers to synthesize ATP E: establishes a membrane potential across the outer mito membranearrow_forwardHow many ATP are produced when 3 moles of FADH2 enter the electron transport chain?o 1.5 ATPo 3 ATPo 4.5 ATPo 2.5 ATPo 4 ATParrow_forward
- An animal cell, roughly cubical in shape with side length of 10 μm, uses 109 ATP molecules every minute. assume that the cell replaces this ATP by the oxidation of glucose according to the overall reaction 6O2 + C6H12O6 →6CO2 + 6H2O and that complete oxidation of each glucose molecule produces 30 ATP molecules. how much oxygen does the cell consume every minute? How long will it take before the cell has used up an amount of oxygen gas equal to its own volume?arrow_forwardReferring to the figure below, explain why NADH yields more ATP than FADH2 does. Electron-transport and proton pump Oxidative phosphorylation Outer mitochondrial membrane H* -Intermembrane H+ H+ H+ space H* H+ H+ Cytochrome c H+ COQH, CoQ UU COQH2 CoQ JU U Inner mitochondrial membrane Ht e ATPase Complex II Complex II Complex IV Complex e ADP +P - Mitochondrial matrix NADH NAD+ FADH2 FAD АТР H+ -H+ H+ H20arrow_forwardA proton gradient is created during the electron transport chain using the energy released from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2. The protons then cross the membrane through ATP synthase down their electrochemical gradient, and ATP is produced. This is an example of A) energy coupling B) cotransport C) allosteric regulation.arrow_forward
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