BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781260670929
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Chapter 4, Problem 4WIO
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The ways by which an enzyme’s function is similar to engineers digging a tunnel through a mountain rather than building a road over the peak.
Introduction:
Enzymes are the catalyst that speeds up a
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You design an experiment to explore the effects of enzyme concentration on the rate of glucose (product) production. In the experiment, you prepare 5 tubes with equal amounts of water and substrate but altered the amount of enzyme. Tube #1 did not have enzyme, Tube #2 had 100 mg of enzyme, Tube #3 had 200 mg of enzyme, Tube #4 had 300 mg of enzyme, Tube #5 had 400 mg of enzyme. The results are summarized in the graph.
Select all that apply.
Given enough time all tubes (#1-5) would reach 1100 mg/dL.
The substrate in tube #1 was denatured at 40 minutes.
The fastest rate of reaction was in Tube #4.
Adding more enzyme to Tube #5 at 40 minutes would produce more product.
Tube #4 and #5 have run out of substrate at 40 minutes.
Many antibiotics, which are molecules that are toxic to bacteria, function as enzyme
inhibitors. Imagine that both Antibiotic A and Antibiotic B inhibit the ribosome.
Antibiotic B kills the bacteria. In contrast, Antibiotic A only temporarily stops growth,
with the bacteria remaining alive and able to resume growth when the antibiotic is
removed. Which of the following statements provides a reasonable explanation for
the difference between Antibiotic A and Antibiotic B?
Antibiotic A is a competitive enzyme inhibitor whereas Antibiotic B is a non-
competitive enzyme inhibitor.
Antibiotic A is a reversible enzyme inhibitor whereas Antibiotic B is a non-
reversible enzyme inhibitor.
Antibiotic A is a non-reversible enzyme inhibitor whereas Antibiotic B is a
reversible enzyme inhibitor.
Antibiotic A is a non-competitive enzyme inhibitor whereas Antibiotic B is a
competitive enzyme inhibitor.
A researcher has developed an assay to measure the activity of an important enzyme present in pancreatic cells growing in culture. She adds the enzyme's substrate to a dish of cells and then measures the appearance of reaction products. The results are graphed as the amount of product on the y-axis versus time on the x-axis. The researcher notes four sections of the graph. For a short period of time, no products appear (section A). Then (section B) the reaction rate is quite high (the slope of the line is steep). Next, the reaction gradually slows down (section C). Finally, the graph line becomes flat (section D). Draw and label the graph, and propose a model to explain the molecular events occurring at each stage of this reaction profile.
Chapter 4 Solutions
BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT
Ch. 4.1 - Describe how your body has potential and kinetic...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 1MCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 2MCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 3MCCh. 4.3 - Prob. 1MCCh. 4.3 - Describe the relationship between energy-requiring...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 1MCCh. 4.4 - Prob. 2MCCh. 4.4 - What is the role of negative feedback in enzyme...
Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4MCCh. 4.5 - Prob. 1MCCh. 4.5 - What types of substances diffuse freely across a...Ch. 4.5 - What would happen to a plant cell in a hypertonic...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 4MCCh. 4.5 - Prob. 5MCCh. 4.5 - Prob. 6MCCh. 4 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 4 - How does ATP participate in coupled reactions? a....Ch. 4 - How do proteins contribute to the function of an...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 4 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 4 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 4 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 4 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 4 - How does ATP relate to membrane transport? a. The...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1WIOCh. 4 - Prob. 2WIOCh. 4 - Prob. 3WIOCh. 4 - Prob. 4WIOCh. 4 - Use what you know about enzymes to propose an...Ch. 4 - Considering that enzymes are essential to all...Ch. 4 - Prob. 7WIOCh. 4 - Prob. 8WIOCh. 4 - Prob. 9WIOCh. 4 - List three ways the content in this chapter...Ch. 4 - Golden knifefish use an electric field to detect...Ch. 4 - Review Burning Question 4.4, which explains how...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1PITCh. 4 - Prob. 2PITCh. 4 - Prob. 3PITCh. 4 - Prob. 4PIT
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- You undertake a research project with your favorite biology professor to analyze the behavior of an enzyme. You measure the rate of product generated as a function of how much substrate is present, setting up 6 test tubes with increasing concentrations of the substrate(s). You run three replicate experiments, one with no ATP in the tubes, one with a small amount of ATP, one with an overabundance of ATP, and take the following measurements. The amount of enzyme is the same in all tubes. Concentrations are indicated in mM (10³ moles/liter) or µM (106 moles/liter). Accumulation of product in µM/sec Substrate concentration (mm) 1 2 Rate of reaction 3 4 5 10 No ATP present 0.01 0 0 0.02 0 0.01 5 mM ATP present 1 4 7 8 8.4 8.7 Graph these data on the three axes provided below and answer the questions that follow. 10 100 mM ATP present 0.1 0.2 0.5 1 2 4 C. Could this enzyme be phosphofructokinase? Why or why not? Concentration of the enzymes substrate (mm) A. What can you conclude about the…arrow_forwardFind an enzyme that is used by humans for some industrial or useful process (apart from its original purpose; e.g. food production, textiles, agriculture, clinical diagnosis, medical treatment, biofuel production, material polymerization, etc.). How do we obtain or harvest the enzyme? What reaction(s) does it catalyze, and how is this useful for its industrial purpose? 200 words onlyarrow_forwardWhat component in the nucleus is responsible for synthesizing a particular enzyme?arrow_forward
- Create your OWN diagram to show the lock-and-key theory of enzyme activity.Answer on your own (do NOT copy and paste from any particular resources)arrow_forwardThe purpose of this experiment is to determine how the activity of an enzyme can change under certain conditions: temperature, pH, substrate concentration Introduction Purpose statement is specific, complete and uses proper scientific vocabulary Hypothesis statement is clear, logical and scientifically sound Contains sufficient background information relevant to the lab Accurate use of examples and scientific terminology Clear, concise (max 1 page; single spaced) Step 1: Obtain a sample amount of a hard fruit or vegetable, such as an apple, cut it into smaller equal pieces, and measure on a digital scale of 10g. Step 2: Get 100ml of room temperature tap water and add it into a glass cup, heat it on a hot plate until reaches 37 Celsius Step 3: Add the apple sample into the glass cup with the tap water and mix gently. Let the mixture to sit for 5 minutes. Step 4: With a kitchen thermometer measure the temperature of the apple mixture. Step 5: In a glass cup add 3mL of 3% hydrogen…arrow_forwardIn an experiment where hydrogen peroxide is mixed with pieces of potato, which substance contains the enzyme?arrow_forward
- What is the advantage for an organism to have isozymic forms of an enzyme?arrow_forwardList three ways to alter the rate of an enzyme-mediated reaction.arrow_forwardUse the following information to answer the question(s) below. A series of enzymes catalyze the reaction X→Y→ Z → A. Product A binds to the enzyme that converts X to Y at a position remote from its active site. This binding decreases the activity of the enzyme. With respect to the enzyme that converts X to Y, substance A functions as an allosteric inhibitor a competitive inhibitor the substrate an intermediate a coenzymearrow_forward
- Which model for enzyme-substrate chemical complementarity is described by the following: Before substrate binding, some enzyme molecules have active sites complementary to substrates and other enzyme molecules have non-complementary active sites. Substrate molecules preferentially bind to the enzyme molecules with complementary active sites. Non-complementary enzyme molecules undergo a structural change to become complementary to maintain conformational equilibrium. a) conformational selection b) induced fit c) lock and key...arrow_forwardexplain what is meant by the lock and key hypothesis for enzyme action.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is/are correct?a) Enzyme quantities depend on the rate of their synthesis and degradationb) Enzyme quantity is decreased if an amino-acid involved in the catalytic activity is modifiedc) Protein kinase A activity is regulated through protein interaction.d) Kinases control the activity of other enzymes by covalent modification; irreversiblephosphorylation explain each of the following optionarrow_forward
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