BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT
BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781260670929
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Chapter 4, Problem 4WIO
Summary Introduction

To determine:

The ways by which an enzyme’s function is similar to engineers digging a tunnel through a mountain rather than building a road over the peak.

Introduction:

Enzymes are the catalyst that speeds up a chemical reaction. They play a vital role in aiding digestion and metabolism. They assist in breaking up the large and complex molecules into small and simpler pieces so that they can be absorbed well in the body.

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You design an experiment to explore the effects of enzyme concentration on the rate of glucose (product) production. In the experiment, you prepare 5 tubes with equal amounts of water and substrate but altered the amount of enzyme. Tube #1 did not have enzyme, Tube #2 had 100 mg of enzyme, Tube #3 had 200 mg of enzyme, Tube #4 had 300 mg of enzyme, Tube #5 had 400 mg of enzyme. The results are summarized in the graph. Select all that apply.    Given enough time all tubes (#1-5) would reach 1100 mg/dL.   The substrate in tube #1 was denatured at 40 minutes.    The fastest rate of reaction was in Tube #4.   Adding more enzyme to Tube #5 at 40 minutes would produce more product.    Tube #4 and #5 have run out of substrate at 40 minutes.
Many antibiotics, which are molecules that are toxic to bacteria, function as enzyme inhibitors. Imagine that both Antibiotic A and Antibiotic B inhibit the ribosome. Antibiotic B kills the bacteria. In contrast, Antibiotic A only temporarily stops growth, with the bacteria remaining alive and able to resume growth when the antibiotic is removed. Which of the following statements provides a reasonable explanation for the difference between Antibiotic A and Antibiotic B? Antibiotic A is a competitive enzyme inhibitor whereas Antibiotic B is a non- competitive enzyme inhibitor. Antibiotic A is a reversible enzyme inhibitor whereas Antibiotic B is a non- reversible enzyme inhibitor. Antibiotic A is a non-reversible enzyme inhibitor whereas Antibiotic B is a reversible enzyme inhibitor. Antibiotic A is a non-competitive enzyme inhibitor whereas Antibiotic B is a competitive enzyme inhibitor.
A researcher has developed an assay to measure the activity of an important enzyme present in pancreatic cells growing in culture. She adds the enzyme's substrate to a dish of cells and then measures the appearance of reaction products. The results are graphed as the amount of product on the y-axis versus time on the x-axis. The researcher notes four sections of the graph. For a short period of time, no products appear (section A). Then (section B) the reaction rate is quite high (the slope of the line is steep). Next, the reaction gradually slows down (section C). Finally, the graph line becomes flat (section D). Draw and label the graph, and propose a model to explain the molecular events occurring at each stage of this reaction profile.
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