BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781260670929
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Chapter 4, Problem 1SL
Review Burning Question 4.4, which explains how alcohol-based hand sanitizers disrupt the functions of enzymes and other biochemicals in living cells. Instead of alcohol, some hand sanitizers contain chemicals that kill germs by targeting specific structures inside bacterial cells. Why might these ingredients select for resistant bacteria, while alcohol-based ones do not? What factors might determine whether a person uses hand sanitizer rather than washing hands with soap and water (which wash away bacteria instead of killing them)? If you buy a hand sanitizer, what information should you look for before deciding which product to select?
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Attached below is the study about the effects of handwashing and the effectiveness of soap against bacteria. What conclusions can be generated from this result? (see rubrics
for the point marking)
A before washing hands
C
10 second hand wash
B
D
hot water only rinse
30 second hand wash
Figure 8: Agar plates with bacteria A) before washing hands B) after rinsing hands in hot water C) After washing
hands with soap for 10 seconds and D) after washing hands for 30 seconds. Images show that the number of
bacteria on the plate are not greatly reduced after a hot water rinse or 10 second handwash but bacterial levels are
reduced after a proper hand wash for 30 seconds.
Note that it is not appropriate to self-diagnose outside of a medical context and this is a completely hypothetical scenario.
Imagine you have a rash on your foot. You're concerned that it's an infection and inoculate a sample onto an agar plate. You wonder, How can I figure out whether the pathogen is a bacterium vs a eukaryote?
You decide to use lab supplies to get a basic understanding of the pathogen. Be specific about what tests you use and what you expect the results to be. Limit yourself to experiments we could do in our lab.
What is one experiment you could do, involving culturing the organism?
Attached below is the study about the effects of handwashing and the effectiveness of soap against bacteria. What conclusions can be generated from this result?
A
C
before washing hands
10 second hand wash
B
D
hot water only rinse
30 second hand wash
Figure 8: Agar plates with bacteria A) before washing hands B) after rinsing hands in hot water C) After washing
hands with soap for 10 seconds and D) after washing hands for 30 seconds. Images show that the number of
bacteria on the plate are not greatly reduced after a hot water rinse or 10 second handwash but bacterial levels are
reduced after a proper hand wash for 30 seconds.
Chapter 4 Solutions
BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT
Ch. 4.1 - Describe how your body has potential and kinetic...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 1MCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 2MCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 3MCCh. 4.3 - Prob. 1MCCh. 4.3 - Describe the relationship between energy-requiring...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 1MCCh. 4.4 - Prob. 2MCCh. 4.4 - What is the role of negative feedback in enzyme...
Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4MCCh. 4.5 - Prob. 1MCCh. 4.5 - What types of substances diffuse freely across a...Ch. 4.5 - What would happen to a plant cell in a hypertonic...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 4MCCh. 4.5 - Prob. 5MCCh. 4.5 - Prob. 6MCCh. 4 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 4 - How does ATP participate in coupled reactions? a....Ch. 4 - How do proteins contribute to the function of an...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 4 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 4 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 4 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 4 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 4 - How does ATP relate to membrane transport? a. The...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1WIOCh. 4 - Prob. 2WIOCh. 4 - Prob. 3WIOCh. 4 - Prob. 4WIOCh. 4 - Use what you know about enzymes to propose an...Ch. 4 - Considering that enzymes are essential to all...Ch. 4 - Prob. 7WIOCh. 4 - Prob. 8WIOCh. 4 - Prob. 9WIOCh. 4 - List three ways the content in this chapter...Ch. 4 - Golden knifefish use an electric field to detect...Ch. 4 - Review Burning Question 4.4, which explains how...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1PITCh. 4 - Prob. 2PITCh. 4 - Prob. 3PITCh. 4 - Prob. 4PIT
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