Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 4.1, Problem 1CS
Core Skill: Connections Look back at Figure 3.11. What is the physical/chemical reason why phospholipids tend to form a bilayer?
Figure 3.11 Structure of phospholipids, (a) Chemical structure and space-filling model of phosphatidylcholine, a common phospholipid found in living organisms. Phospholipids contain both polar and nonpolar regions, making them amphipathic. The fatty-acid tails are nonpolar. The rest of the molecule is polar, (b) Arrangement of phospholipids in a biological membrane, such as the plasma membrane that encloses cells. The polar regions of the phospholipids face the watery environment, whereas the nonpolar regions associate with each other in the interior of the membrane, forming a bilayer.
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Cell Membrane Coloring WorksheetComposition of the Cell Membrane & FunctionsThe cell membrane is also called the ___PlasmaMembrane____________ membrane and is made of a phospholipid_____________. The phospholipids have a hydrophilic (waterattracting) __________ and two hydrophobic (water repelling) ____________. The head of a phospholipid is made of an alcohol and__________ group, while the tails are chains of ____________.Phospholipids can move _______________ and allow water and other_________ molecules to pass through into or out of the cell. This isknown as simple ____________ because it does not require__________ and the water or molecules are moving __________ theconcentration gradient. SKETCH AND LABEL a phospholipid coloringthe heads red and the tails blue.PHOSPHOLIPID
Another type of lipid in the cell membrane is ______________that makes the membrane more fluid. Embedded in the phospholipidbilayer are __________ that also aid in diffusion and in cellrecognition. Proteins…
VISUAL SKILLS Carbohydrates are attached to plasmamembrane proteins in the ER (see Figure 7.9). On whichside of the vesicle membrane are the carbohydrates during transport to the cell surface?
Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion
6. Which chemical properties of phospholipids make them suited to the task of forming cell membranes? Could carbohydrates be used to replace phospholipids as the main component of cell membranes? Explain. Incorporate the following terms into your answer: hydrophobic; hydrophilic; semipermeable.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 4.1 - What properties of deep-sea vents made them...Ch. 4.1 - Which protobiont seems most similar to todays...Ch. 4.1 - Core Skill: Connections Look back at Figure 3.11....Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.3 - Prob. 1CSCh. 4.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.3 - Prob. 2CSCh. 4.4 - Prob. 1CS
Ch. 4.4 - Describe the type of movements that occur between...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 2CSCh. 4.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.5 - Prob. 1CSCh. 4.5 - If we consider the Golgi apparatus as three...Ch. 4.5 - The Nucleus and Endomembrane System Experimental...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 2EQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 3EQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 4.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.6 - Core Skill: Connections Look ahead to Figure...Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.7 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4 - The cell theory states that a. all living things...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2TYCh. 4 - Prob. 3TYCh. 4 - Prob. 4TYCh. 4 - Each of the following is part of the endomembrane...Ch. 4 - Prob. 6TYCh. 4 - Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum...Ch. 4 - Prob. 8TYCh. 4 - Prob. 9TYCh. 4 - Which of the following observations would not be...Ch. 4 - What are the four stages that led to the origin of...Ch. 4 - Explain how motor proteins and cytoskeletal...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3CQCh. 4 - Discuss the roles of the genome and proteome in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2COQ
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- Select all that apply. This is an image of a plasma membrane, which consists of two layers of phospholipids. The red bubbles are the hydrophilic heads of phospholipids, facing the cell interior and exterior. The yellow strings facing inside of the plasma membrane are the fatty acid tails. Which of the following bonds/interactions do you think could regulate the assembly of the plasma membrane and the adhesion or fatty acid tails to each other? Select all that apply. hydrogen bonds covalent bonds electrostatic forces van der Waals forces hydrophobic force ionic bonds O O 0 0 O 0arrow_forwardTAGS: Biology, Chemistry, Biochemistry, Cell Biology, Molecular Biology A group of researchers were tasked to design various synthetic cell membranes that could be used to simulatecellular activities of different organisms. Help the researchers assemble the structure of the major lipid component for a cell membrane (draw the strucutres clearly) that is appropriate for the following and briefly explain your answer: a prokaryotic cell thriving in a geyser at the Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming, USA a muscle cell of a salmon fry in the Arctic Ocean a frog neurocyte Chemical structures of the compounds that are available are shown on the image.arrow_forwardWhat's New Identify the different components of the cell membrane using the deacription given below. Use the appropriate number to locate each molecule. 1. Carbohydrate chain - 2 or more monosaccharide unit, either attached or branched found on the outside surface of the cell membrane. 2. Cholesterol found between the hydrophobic tails of the membrane phospholipid. 3. Glycolipid - carbohydrates attached to a lipid molecule. 4. Glycoprotein - carbohydrates attached to a protein molecule. 5. Integral Protein – protein embedded in the phospholipid bilayer that extend in both layers of the membrane. 6. Lipid Tail – the hydrophobic tail of the phospholipid facing the core of the membrane. 7. Peripheral Protein - protein found in the inner or outer surface of the membrane but not embedded on hydrophobic core. 8. Phosphate Head - globular hydrophilic head of the membrane.arrow_forward
- . MAKE CONNECTIONS How are the Casparian strip andtight junctions similar (see Figure 6.30)?arrow_forwardQuestion:- Given the very complex lipid composition of cell membranes, what variations exist within the different membranes of organelles in an animal cell? What are the functional consequences of these differences?arrow_forwardMolecular Transport Across Membranes Workshop How does the cell membrane control movement of materials? The cellular membrane is critical to the maintenance of homeostasis in living organisms. The cell membrane separates the cell from the external environment and plays a critical role in regulating movement of material in and out of the cell. Additionally, eukaryotic cells are made complex by the presence of internal membranes that form organelles, so the cells may become specialized. These organelle membranes create compartments within the cell that can do specific functions. For this exercise, you will work in groups of four to progress through the activities. At the end of each activity, one group (chosen at random) will share how they responded and open the floor for further discussion. Model 1 - Types of Ions and Molecules in a Cell Type 4 Molecules Molecular oxygen (O,): Туре 1 Ions Type 2 Molecules Туре 3 Molecules Glucose: Water: Potassium: K* OH 0=0 D Sodium: Na+ + O- Urea:…arrow_forward
- B14U A Goals n Skills Minds On Actio O Connect 2 Choose any two words in the table below, then connect them with a complete idea. Repeat this process three times in total. monomer disaccharide glucose cell wall energy structure glycosidic bond isomer cell-to-cell communication For example: if the two words are ribosome and protein, then you could write: Ribosomes are connected to proteins because the ribosomes are the protein builders in the cell. Ribosomes are made of two parts or subunits. The larger of the 2 parts is where the ribosome can add on an amino acid to the growing protein chain. Practice good Organization skills by reviewing concepts and vocabulary from the whole Activity to include full details. Choose your best idea and share it with your classmates. Join The Discussionarrow_forwardMultiple Choice Question: Which of the following statements describes a general feature of the lipid bilayer in all biological membranes? O A. The bilayor is stabilized by covalent bonds between neighboring phospholipid molecules. O B. Triacyiglycerols are tho main structural components of each of the two monolayers in the bilayer. OC The polar head groups face inward toward the inside of the bilayet. O D. Individual lipid molecules are free to diffuse laterally in the surface of the bilayer OE Sodium ions and other small charged compounds readily diffuse across the bilayer OF. Individual lipid molecules in one façe (monolayer) of the bilayer readily dilfuse (1lip-fop) to the other monalayerarrow_forwardHBOCPS Das X + Orders - X ← → C D Login OCPS Performance Matters Question 5 of 16 Question 1-5 lipid bilayer low concentration Performa X < Previous olaocps.performancematters.com/ola/ola.jsp?clientcode=flocps# Join a Game - Quizizz K! Play Kahoot! - Enter... Dashboard Submit Test 1 channel protein Educator 3 2 x 12 Exam: 01 × Plans for x carrier protein 3 The diagram below shows three different proteins embedded in a cell membrane, as well as the concentration gradient surrounding the cell. high concentration POREI ***** energy Performance Matte... AP EL U.S. Citize X FLVS Login My Quizzes - Quizizz Welcome, Asheley! 02.Cl.Biology.CRM3.2_2023 EL https://sex S4JypvF Which of the following statements correctly states the process shown in the diagram? O The process labeled 1 shows how cells can easily move molecules with the concentration gradient using high energy molecules. The process labeled 2 shows how cells move molecules against the concentration gradient without needing high…arrow_forward
- Read This! When phospholipids are added to an aqueous environment (consisting mostly of water) the phospholipid molecules will spontaneously assemble into a phospholipid bilayer where the layers are held together by weak attractive forces between molecules. These structures are often seen in nature as cell and organelle membranes. 12. Consider animal cells, which are only bound by a cell membrane and plant cells which are bound by both a cell membrane and a cell wall. Are cell membranes flexible (fluid)? Provide specific examples to support your answer. 13. Explain why a phospholipid bilayer is flexible. terms of the strength of the forces that hold it together. 14. Refer to Model 1. a. What happens to the shape of the hydrophobic tail in a phospholipid when a double bond is present in the carbon chain? b. Explain why the flexibility (fluidity) of a membrane increases when more of the phospholipids in the layers contain double bonds. 15. The diagram below shows the chemical structure…arrow_forwardTransport Across the Cell Membrane Worksheet 1. For each of the following examples, state whether the solution is isotonic, hypertonic or hypotonic and draw an arrow to indicate which way water will move. a) b) 100% H₂O 10% NaCl 0% NaCl 90% H₂O 83 5% salt 10% saltarrow_forwardExplain the impact of unsaturated fatty acid tails, cholesterol, and temperature on membrane fluidity. Model 1 – Phospholipids 5. Refer to Model 1. a.What happens to the shape of the hydrophobic tail in a phospholipid when a double bond is present in the carbon chain? b.Explain why the flexibility (fluidity) of a membrane increases when more of the phospholipids in the layers contain double bonds. c. Why might Arctic fish have a higher concentration of unsaturated fatty acids in their phospholipids?arrow_forward
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