Concept explainers
Concept introduction:
Predetermined
The Predetermined Overhead allocation rate is used to allocate the manufacturing overhead over the jobs. Predetermined Overhead allocation rate is calculated by dividing the Total Estimated overhead cost by the Total Estimated allocation base.
The formula to calculate the Predetermined Overhead allocation rate is as follows:
Requirement-1:
To calculate:
The cost of overhead assigned to each product line
Concept introduction:
Predetermined Overhead allocation rate:
The Predetermined Overhead allocation rate is used to allocate the manufacturing overhead over the jobs. Predetermined Overhead allocation rate is calculated by dividing the Total Estimated overhead cost by the Total Estimated allocation base.
The formula to calculate the Predetermined Overhead allocation rate is as follows:
Requirement-2:
To calculate:
The cost of overhead assigned to each product line
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Managerial Accounting
- Evans, Inc., has a unit-based costing system. Evanss Miami plant produces 10 different electronic products. The demand for each product is about the same. Although they differ in complexity, each product uses about the same labor time and materials. The plant has used direct labor hours for years to assign overhead to products. To help design engineers understand the assumed cost relationships, the Cost Accounting Department developed the following cost equation. (The equation describes the relationship between total manufacturing costs and direct labor hours; the equation is supported by a coefficient of determination of 60 percent.) Y=5,000,000+30X,whereX=directlaborhours The variable rate of 30 is broken down as follows: Because of competitive pressures, product engineering was given the charge to redesign products to reduce the total cost of manufacturing. Using the above cost relationships, product engineering adopted the strategy of redesigning to reduce direct labor content. As each design was completed, an engineering change order was cut, triggering a series of events such as design approval, vendor selection, bill of materials update, redrawing of schematic, test runs, changes in setup procedures, development of new inspection procedures, and so on. After one year of design changes, the normal volume of direct labor was reduced from 250,000 hours to 200,000 hours, with the same number of products being produced. Although each product differs in its labor content, the redesign efforts reduced the labor content for all products. On average, the labor content per unit of product dropped from 1.25 hours per unit to one hour per unit. Fixed overhead, however, increased from 5,000,000 to 6,600,000 per year. Suppose that a consultant was hired to explain the increase in fixed overhead costs. The consultants study revealed that the 30 per hour rate captured the unit-level variable costs; however, the cost behavior of other activities was quite different. For example, setting up equipment is a step-fixed cost, where each step is 2,000 setup hours, costing 90,000. The study also revealed that the cost of receiving goods is a function of the number of different components. This activity has a variable cost of 2,000 per component type and a fixed cost that follows a step-cost pattern. The step is defined by 20 components with a cost of 50,000 per step. Assume also that the consultant indicated that the design adopted by the engineers increased the demand for setups from 20,000 setup hours to 40,000 setup hours and the number of different components from 100 to 250. The demand for other non-unit-level activities remained unchanged. The consultant also recommended that management take a look at a rejected design for its products. This rejected design increased direct labor content from 250,000 hours to 260,000 hours, decreased the demand for setups from 20,000 hours to 10,000 hours, and decreased the demand for purchasing from 100 component types to 75 component types, while the demand for all other activities remained unchanged. Required: 1. Using normal volume, compute the manufacturing cost per labor hour before the year of design changes. What is the cost per unit of an average product? 2. Using normal volume after the one year of design changes, compute the manufacturing cost per hour. What is the cost per unit of an average product? 3. Before considering the consultants study, what do you think is the most likely explanation for the failure of the design changes to reduce manufacturing costs? Now use the information from the consultants study to explain the increase in the average cost per unit of product. What changes would you suggest to improve Evanss efforts to reduce costs? 4. Explain why the consultant recommended a second look at a rejected design. Provide computational support. What does this tell you about the strategic importance of cost management?arrow_forwardPotterii sells its products to large box stores and recently added a retail line of products to sell directly to consumers. These estimates are to be used in determining the overhead allocation rate for ABC: What would be the predetermined rate for each cost pool?arrow_forwardGood Scent, Inc., produces two colognes: Rose and Violet. Of the two, Rose is more popular. Data concerning the two products follow: The company uses a conventional costing system and assigns overhead costs to products using direct labor hours. Annual overhead costs follow. They are classified as fixed or variable with respect to direct labor hours. Required: 1. Using the conventional approach, compute the number of cases of Rose and the number of cases of Violet that must be sold for the company to break even. 2. Using an activity-based approach, compute the number of cases of each product that must be sold for the company to break even.arrow_forward
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- Forner, Inc., manufactures and sells two products: Product Z1 and Product Z8. The company has an activity-based costing system with the following activity cost pools, activity measures, and expected activity: Estimated Expected Activity Activity Cost Pools Activity Measures Overhead Cost Product Z1 Product Z8 Total Labor-related DLHs $ 112,190 600 2,000 2,600 Machine setups setups 40,440 500 700 1,200 Order size MHs 609,770 3,000 3,200 6,200 $ 762,400 The activity rate for the Order Size activity cost pool under activity-based costing is closest to: Multiple Choice $56.10 per MH $293.23 per MH $76.24 per MH $98.35 per MHarrow_forwardLarge, Inc., manufactures and sells two products: Product G8 and Product 00. Historically, the firm has used a traditional costing system, with direct laborurs as an activity base, to allocated manufaturing overhead to products. Data concerning the expected production of each product and the expected total direct labor-hours (DLHS) required to produce that output appear below: Product GS Product 00 Total direct labor-hours Product G8 Product 00 Activity Cost Pools Labor-related Expected Production 780 380 The direct labor rate is $22.90 per DLH. The direct materials cost per unit for each product is given below: Direct Materials Cost per Unit $121.10 $121.50 Machine setups Order size Activity Measures DLHS setups MHS Direct Labor-Hours Per Unit The company is considering adopting an activity-based costing system with the following activity cost pools, activity measures, and expected activity: 5.8 2.8 Estimated Overhead Cost $ 59,555 58,390 369,508 $487,453 Total Direct Labor- Hours…arrow_forwardSkrunchy Company produces two products, Lower and Upper. The following two tables give pertinent information about these two products. Solve, a. What is the cost per unit of Lower if Skrunchy uses traditional overheadallocation based on direct labor hours? b. What is the cost per unit of Lower if Skrunchy uses activity-based costing to allocate overhead?arrow_forward
- North Street Corporation manufactures two models of motorized go - carts, a standard and a deluxe model. The following activity and cost information has been compiled: Number of Number of Number of Product Setups Components Direct Labor Hours Standard 16 7 730 Deluxe 34 19 490 Overhead costs $16,000 $24,960 Number of setups and number of components are identified as activity - cost drivers for overhead. Assuming an activity - based costing system is used, what is the total amount of overhead cost assigned to the standard model? (Do not round interim calculations. Round the final answer to the nearest whole dollar.) O A. $17,600 O B. $11,840 OC. $29,120 O D. $20,480arrow_forwardV&S Mechanical sells and services plumbing, heating, and air conditioning systems. V&S's cost accounting system tracks two cost categories: direct labor and direct materials V&S uses a time-and-materials pricing system, with direct labor marked up 100% and direct materials marked up 50% to recover indirect costs of support staff, support materials, and shared equipment and tools and to earn a profit (Click the icon to view the cost information) Read the requirements Requirement 1. If Dryden presents Lowry with the replace or repair options, what price would he quote for each? Complete the table below to determine the price Dryden would quote for each option Labor Materials Total Price Repair option Replace option Requirements 1. if Dryden presents Lowry with the replace or repair options, what price would he quote for each? 2. If the two options were equally effective for the 3 years that Lowry intends to live in the home, which option would she choose? 3. if Dryden's objective is to…arrow_forwardUsing ABC to compute product costs per unit Spectrum Corp. makes two products: C and D. The following data have been summarized: The company plans to manufacture 250 units of each product. Calculate the product cost per unit for Products C and D using activity-based costing.arrow_forward
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