Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Using Raoult’s law the partial pressure of ethanol in the vapour phase has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Partial pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases is the pressure of that gas when it alone.
Partial pressure of a gas in terms of its mole fraction and total pressure is,
`
Raoult’s law: The vapour pressure of the solvent over the solution
A mole fraction of a molecule in a mixture is the ratio of number of moles of particular molecule to the sum of number of moles of all molecules in the mixture. Equation for mole fraction of a molecule in a mixture of three molecules (A, B and C) is,
(a)
Explanation of Solution
Given,
An ideal-dilute solution of chloroform and ethanol with a mole fraction of ethanol in the liquid phase
Using Raoult’s law the partial pressure of ethanol in the vapour phase can be determined as follows,
Raoult’s law: The vapour pressure of the solvent over the solution
Herein,
Thus,
The partial pressure of ethanol is,
(b)
Interpretation:
The partial pressure of chloroform in the vapour phase has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Partial pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases is the pressure of that gas when it alone.
Partial pressure of a gas in terms of its mole fraction and total pressure is,
`
Raoult’s law: The vapour pressure of the solvent over the solution
A mole fraction of a molecule in a mixture is the ratio of number of moles of particular molecule to the sum of number of moles of all molecules in the mixture. Equation for mole fraction of a molecule in a mixture of three molecules (A, B and C) is,
(b)
Explanation of Solution
Given,
An ideal-dilute solution of chloroform and ethanol with a mole fraction of ethanol in the liquid phase
Using Raoult’s law the partial pressure of ethanol in the vapour phase can be determined as follows,
Raoult’s law: The vapour pressure of the solvent over the solution
Herein,
Thus,
The partial pressure of ethanol is,
Total pressure is
Thus,
(c)
Interpretation:
The mole fractions of chloroform and ethanol in the vapour phase has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Partial pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases is the pressure of that gas when it alone.
Partial pressure of a gas in terms of its mole fraction and total pressure is,
`
Raoult’s law: The vapour pressure of the solvent over the solution
A mole fraction of a molecule in a mixture is the ratio of number of moles of particular molecule to the sum of number of moles of all molecules in the mixture. Equation for mole fraction of a molecule in a mixture of three molecules (A, B and C) is,
(c)
Explanation of Solution
Given,
An ideal-dilute solution of chloroform and ethanol with a mole fraction of ethanol in the liquid phase
Using Raoult’s law the partial pressure of ethanol in the vapour phase can be determined as follows,
Raoult’s law: The vapour pressure of the solvent over the solution
Herein,
Total pressure is
Thus,
The mole fraction of chloroform in the vapour phase can be determined as follows,
Thus,
The mole fraction of ethanol in the vapour phase is,
(d)
Interpretation:
Henry’s law constant for chloroform,
Concept introduction:
Partial pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases is the pressure of that gas when it alone.
Partial pressure of a gas in terms of its mole fraction and total pressure is,
`
Raoult’s law: The vapour pressure of the solvent over the solution
A mole fraction of a molecule in a mixture is the ratio of number of moles of particular molecule to the sum of number of moles of all molecules in the mixture. Equation for mole fraction of a molecule in a mixture of three molecules (A, B and C) is,
Henry’s law states that the partial pressure of the gas in vapour phase (p) is proportional to the mole fraction of the gas (x) in the solution.
(d)
Explanation of Solution
Given,
An ideal-dilute solution of chloroform and ethanol with a mole fraction of ethanol in the liquid phase
Using Raoult’s law the partial pressure of ethanol in the vapour phase can be determined as follows,
Raoult’s law: The vapour pressure of the solvent over the solution
Herein,
Total pressure is
Thus,
The mole fraction of chloroform in the vapour phase can be determined as follows,
If mole fraction of each component in the mixture is known then its respective Henry’s constant can be determined as shown below,
Henry’s law states that the partial pressure of the gas in vapour phase (p) is proportional to the mole fraction of the gas (x) in the solution.
Herein,
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