Health Economics
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781137029966
Author: Jay Bhattacharya
Publisher: SPRINGER NATURE CUSTOMER SERVICE
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Chapter 4, Problem 2E
To determine
Determine whether the given statement is true or false.
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Indicate whether the statement is true or false, and justify your answer.Unlike in the US, there are no socioeconomic status gradients in health in countries that provide universal health care coverage to all citizens. That is, in such countries, poorer and richer citizens have (on average) the same health.
In order to change the root causes of health disparity in the US, both popular and political will are needed. Based on what you have learned in this module, imagine how different the US would be if all people living here had social protections like universal health care, secure pensions, guaranteed job training, and placement assistance, 80% unemployment pay, income supports for families and unemployed single adults, paid parental leave, and universal childcare. With this concept in mind, for your initial discussion post, comment on whether or not you would be willing to pay 20% more of your income, to have all these benefits guaranteed to you.
While it may seem intuitively obvious that health expenditures will increase as a population age – older people, after all, are less healthy on average than younger people – in fact, several prominent health economists have argued that it is not ageing per se, but rather some of the correlates of an ageing population that cause health expenditures to rise as population ages. For instance, Getzen (1992) argues that, at least in part, rising health expenditures with an ageing population are due to the higher incomes and resources of the older population; health care is a normal good, so higher incomes lead to higher expenditures. In a similar manner, Zweifel et al. (1999) argue that the real problem with an ageing population, at least as far as health care costs are concerned, is that there will be more people who are within a couple of years of dying. Since health care expenditures rise sharply close to the end of life, it is this, rather than population ageing by itself, that leads to…
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- While it may seem intuitively obvious that health expenditures will increase as a population ages – older people after all are less healthy on average than younger people in fact, several prominent health economists have argued that it is not aging per se, but rather some of the correlates of an aging population that cause health expenditures to rise as a population ages. For instance, Getzen (1992) argues that, at least in part, rising health expenditures with an aging population are due to the higher incomes and resources of the older population; health care is a normal good, so higher incomes lead to higher expenditures. In a similar manner, Zweifel et al. (1999) argue that the real problem with an aging population, at least as far as health care costs are concerned, is that there will be more people who are within a couple of years of dying. Since health care expenditures rise sharply close to the end of life, it is this, rather than population aging by itself, that leads to higher…arrow_forwardIndicate whether the statement is true or false, and justify your answer.In a world of population decline, many national health systems are no longer solvent because they were predicated on the assumption of population growth.arrow_forwardIndicate whether the statement is true or false, and justify your answer.There is a consensus among health economists that socioeconomic status has a major impact on health, but health does not have a significant effect on SES.arrow_forward
- Indicate whether each statement is true or false, and justify your answer.One reason why total health expenditures are rising is because of an aging population.arrow_forwardThe following is the abstract from the paper, "The Impact of Health Insurance on Preventive Care and Health Behaviors: Evidence from the First Two Years of the ACA Medicaid Expansions," by Simon, Soni, Cawley (2017). The U.S. population receives suboptimal levels of preventive care and has a high prevalence of risky health behaviors. One goal of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was to increase preventive care and improve health behaviors by expanding access to health insurance. This paper estimates how the ACA-facilitated state-level expansions of Medicaid in 2014 affected these outcomes. Using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and a difference-in-differences model that compares states that did and did not expand Medicaid, we examine the impact of the expansions on preventive care (e.g., dental visits, immunizations, mammograms, cancer screenings), risky health behaviors (e.g., smoking, heavy drinking, lack of exercise, obesity), and self-assessed health. We find…arrow_forwardIndicate whether each statement is true or false, and justify your answer.If a country is productively efficient and hence on its own health production frontier, it is spending the optimal amount of money on health care.arrow_forward
- Indicate whether the statement is true or false, and justify your answer.Nearly half of expenditures on health care in the US are government financed.arrow_forwardIndicate whether the statement is true or false, and justify your answer. Unlike with most types of goods, deriving a demand curve for health care is quite simple because people rarely skimp on health care.arrow_forwardIndicate whether the statement is true or false, and justify your answer.People who drop out of high school are able to produce more health than college graduates because they have more free time to invest in health production.arrow_forward
- Which statement about health insurance in the US is false? Question options: 1) Going back to 1940, only about 10 percent of the US population had any health insurance 2) The share of the under-65 population with private health insurance rose until the 1970s and then plateaued—it remained virtually constant until the implementation of the Affordable Care Act 3) Early on, the health insurance market was dominated by Blue Cross plans, which practiced community rating in setting premiums 4) Measured in percentage points, the drop in the uninsured rate in the nonelderly population between 2013 and 2016 was larger than the increase in the share with private insurancearrow_forwardWhich statement about the individual health insurance market in the U.S. is correct? Question options: 1) Among the non-elderly with private health insurance, about one-third now purchase it in the individual market 2) Individual market enrollment increased with implementation of the Affordable Care Act in 2014, but it has declined in every year since 3) According to data from the Kaiser Family Foundation, On-Exchange enrollment has been roughly constant (varied by less than 1 million) since 2015 4) According to data from the Kaiser Family Foundation, Off-Exchange enrollment has grown relative to On-Exchange since 2015arrow_forwardIndicate whether the statement is true or false, and justify your answer.Disproportionate spending on end-of-life care is never clinically justifiable.arrow_forward
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