Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition)
13th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605180
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case, Derek Weber, Warner Bair
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 1CAE
Clostridium botulinum is a strict anaerobe; that is, it is killed by the molecular oxygen (O2) present in air. Humans can die of botulism from eating foods in which C. botulinum is growing. How does this bacterium survive on plants picked for human consumption? Why are home-canned foods most often the source of botulism?
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Bacteria that are obligate intracellular pathogens of humans are considered to be
Autotrophs
Heterotrophs
Photosynthetic
Hyperthermophiles
Chemolithotrophs
Which of the following statements best describes the pathogenesis of Clostridium botulinum?
It elaborates an exotoxin that is a lecithinase that causes tissue necrosis.
It elaborates a toxin that suppresses the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters.
It produces a polysaccharide capsule that inhibits phagocytosis and contributes to invasion of the central nervous system.
It elaborates a toxin that inhibits the release of acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses.
It produces a leukotoxin that leads to abscess formation.
Microaerophiles
A) O do not require oxygen for growth
B) O are the same as facultative anaerobes
C) O have the same oxygen reguirements as aerotolerant anaerobes
D) O completely lack enzymes protecting them from the damaging effects of oxygen.
E O None of the above are correct
A microbiologist identifies a bacterium that is capable of degrading cellulose, lignin, chitin, latex, aromatic chemicals, and keratin. It produces metabolic byproducts that give soil a musty smell as well as some that can be used as antibiotics. Which of the following genera is being described?
View Available Hint(s) for Part A
Pseudomonas
Campylobacter
Neisseria
Streptomyces
Chapter 4 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition)
Ch. 4 - DRAW IT Diagram each of the following flagellar...Ch. 4 - Endospore formation is called (a) _____. It is...Ch. 4 - DRAW IT Draw the bacterial shapes listed in (a),...Ch. 4 - Match the structures in column A to their...Ch. 4 - Why is an endospore called a resting structure? Of...Ch. 4 - Compare and contrast the following a. simple...Ch. 4 - Prob. 7RCh. 4 - Starch is readily metabolized by many cells, but a...Ch. 4 - Match the characteristics of eukaryotic cells in...Ch. 4 - NAME IT What group of microbes is characterized by...
Ch. 4 - Which of the following is not a distinguishing...Ch. 4 - Which statement best describes what happens when a...Ch. 4 - Which statement best describes what happens when a...Ch. 4 - Which statement best describes what happens when a...Ch. 4 - Which of the following statements best describes...Ch. 4 - Which of the following is false about fimbriae? a....Ch. 4 - Which of the following pairs is mismatched? a....Ch. 4 - Which of the following pairs is mismatched? a....Ch. 4 - You have isolated a motile, gram-positive cell...Ch. 4 - The antibiotic amphothericin B disrupts plasma...Ch. 4 - How can prokaryotic cells be smaller than...Ch. 4 - The smallest eukaryotic cell is the motile alga...Ch. 4 - Two types of prokaryotic cells have been...Ch. 4 - In 1985, a 0.5-mm cell was discovered in...Ch. 4 - When E. coli cells are exposed to a hypertonic...Ch. 4 - Clostridium botulinum is a strict anaerobe; that...Ch. 4 - A South San Francisco child enjoyed bath time at...Ch. 4 - Live cultures of Bacillus thuringiensis (Dipel)...
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- If Clostridium botulinum is an anaerobe, how might botulinum toxin get into food?arrow_forwardclostridium botulinum is a bacterium usually present in soil that may cause botulism. Briefly explain why one or few cells of a pathogenic bacterium, such as clostridium botulism, by itself typically does not secrete a toxin, despite the species as a whole being characterized as toxin producing.arrow_forwardWhat is a generally minimum pH for growth and toxin production by Clostridium botulinum and other foodborne pathogens?a) 8.5 b) 7.0 c) 6.5 d) 4.5 e) 2.0arrow_forward
- A microbiologist is troubleshooting a batch of home-brewed ale that did not ferment properly. She noticed that the alcohol content was only 2%, well below the desired level. Microscopic examination showed numerous yeast cells. Chemical analysis indicated low levels of sugar, high levels of CO2 , and large amounts of protein in the liquid. What did the microbiologist conclude as the probable cause of the beer not coming out properly?arrow_forwardStrict anaerobes cannot live in the presnece of oxgyen because: a.)they have to mitochondria b.) they cannot absord nutrients from the envioment c.)they cannot make macromolcules d.) they lack detoxifing enzymes e.) they cannot make ATP oragnisms need phosphorous to incoroprate it in their: a.) cell membrane b.) DNA and RNA c.) ATP d.) a and c e.) a, b, and carrow_forwardFlasks A and B contain broth, and are inoculated with an identical number of bacteria that are facultative anaerobes. Flask A contains a triglyceride lipid as the sole nutrient source, and Flask B contains a monosaccharide called fructose as the sole nutrient source. Both flasks are incubated at 30°C with aeration (oxygen is added to the broth). Assume the bacteria are capable of catabolism of both fructose and triglycerides. Mark all the correct statements pertaining to these cultures. A. Under anaerobic conditions, cells in flask A will produce more ATP B. Cells from flask B will produce more carbon dioxide C. Cells from flask B will produce more ATP D. Flask A will have the greater cell mass E. Cells from flask A will produce more ATP F. Cells from flask A will produce more carbon dioxide G. Flask B will have the greater cell mass H. Under anaerobic conditions, cells in flask B will produce more ATParrow_forward
- Thermoplasma and Picrophilus grow best in which of the following extreme conditions?a) Low pH b) High salt c) High temperatured) a and c e) b and carrow_forwardYou, a hospital administrator, are confronted by a news reporter who asks about an outbreak in your hospital caused by the anaerobic sporeformer Clostridium botulinum. Four post-operative patients have died as a result of the outbreak and 42 patients are currently suffering from botulism. The reporter asks about your investigation and what is being done to quell the outbreak. You respond by saying that the following make sense: (SELECT ALL CORRECT ANSWERS) Several of the patients who have been diagnosed with C. botulinum consumed salad as part of their dinner menu (hospital provided). The local health department, CDC and FDA agencies have been contacted and salad samples have been sent to these agencies for analysis. All salad products have been removed from distribution with hospital food service. 0 C. botulinum is a spore-forming bacterial species and the spores are difficult to eliminate but appropriate measures are being taken to clean rooms where patients reside and the hospital…arrow_forwardWhat is the oxygen requirement of this microbe? Thioglycollate Broth -Obligate aerobe=growth only occur at the top band of the broth -Facultative anaerobes= growth uniformly throughout the broth -Obligate anaerobes= growth only at the bottom of the tube -Aerotolerant= growth throughout the tube until just below the surface of the broth -Microaerophiles= growth in a heavy band just below the surface of the brotharrow_forward
- why is microalgae spirulina is most commonly used to reduce air pollution?arrow_forwardBotulism is cause by an: a)Rickettsia b)Aneorobic spore forming bacteria c)Gram negative diplococcus d) Gram positive coccus e) Aerobic spore forming bacteriaarrow_forwardDiseases that involve biofilm-producing bacteria are of serious concern. They are not as easily treated compared with those involving free-floating (or planktonic) bacteria. Explain three reasons why biofilms can be more pathogenic.arrow_forward
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