Microbiology: A Systems Approach
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781259706615
Author: Marjorie Kelly Cowan Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 4, Problem 11TF
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Bacterial envelope includes cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane and glycocalyx. Cytoplasmic or plasma membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with the function of regulation of exit and entry of substances in and out of the cytoplasm. The cell wall contains mainly peptidoglycan and maintains the shape of the cell. Glycocalyx is a phospholipid layer that lies outside the cell wall and helps the bacteria to resist the immune reactions in host body.
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One major difference in the envelope structure between gram positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria is the presence or absence of a cytoplasmic membrane. True or false?
I am doing my microbiology homework and I need help with these questions:
1) List the structures ALL bacteria possess.
2) Identify three structures SOME but not all bacteria possess.
5) Describe the structure and function of three different structures found outside of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane.
6) Differentiate between the two main types of bacterial envelope structures.
7) Why are Gram-positive cell walls stronger than Gram-negative cell walls?
8) Name a substance in the envelope of SOME bacteria that can cause severe symptoms in humans.
9) Describe the causes of sporogenesis and germination
10) Compare and contrast the major features of archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes by completing the table below.
Characteristic
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
Chromosome
Type of Ribosomes
Protein Synthesis Similar to Eukarya
Sterols In Membrane
Membrane-bound Organelles
Peptidoglycan in Cell wall
Gram-negative bacteria are surrounded by two membrane bilayers separated by a space termed the periplasm. The periplasm is a multipurpose compartment separate from the cytoplasm. The periplasm has a distinct oxidizing environment that allow certain key protein structural features to be formed. Can you identify an amino acid(s) that would be affected by this oxidizing environment? How would it be affected, and what structural features would be sensitive to this environment? Can you discuss the implications of this from a standpoint of recombinant protein expression?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Microbiology: A Systems Approach
Ch. 4.1 - List the structures all bacteria possess.Ch. 4.1 - Identify at least four structures that some, but...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 3AYPCh. 4.1 - Prob. 4AYPCh. 4.1 - Provide at least four terms to describe bacterial...Ch. 4.2 - Describe the structure and function of five...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 7AYPCh. 4.3 - Prob. 8AYPCh. 4.3 - Prob. 9AYPCh. 4.3 - Prob. 10AYP
Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 11AYPCh. 4.4 - Prob. 12AYPCh. 4.5 - List some differences between archaea and...Ch. 4.6 - Differentiate between Bergeys Manual of Systematic...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 15AYPCh. 4.6 - Define a species in terms of bacteria.Ch. 4 - Which of the following is not found in all...Ch. 4 - Pili are tubular shafts in ____ bacteria that...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 4 - Which of the following is a primary bacterial cell...Ch. 4 - Which of the following is present in both...Ch. 4 - Darkly stained granules are concentrated crystals...Ch. 4 - Bacterial endospores usually function in a....Ch. 4 - A bacterial arrangement in packets of eight cells...Ch. 4 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 4 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 4 - Prob. 11TFCh. 4 - A research microbiologist looking at evolutionary...Ch. 4 - Nanobes may or may not actually be bacteria.Ch. 4 - Both bacteria and archaea used to be known as...Ch. 4 - Prob. 15TFCh. 4 - Define the term ubiquitous and explain whether...Ch. 4 - Quorum sensing is a process used by many bacteria...Ch. 4 - Based upon your knowledge of cell wall structure,...Ch. 4 - Provide evidence in support of or refuting the...Ch. 4 - a.Describe the characteristics of an...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1VCCh. 4 - From chapter 1, figure 1.14. Study this figure....Ch. 4 - Prob. 1CM
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Diseases that involve biofilm-producing bacteria are of serious concern. They are not as easily treated compared with those involving free-floating (or planktonic) bacteria. Explain three reasons why biofilm formers are more pathogenic. Brian goes to the hospital after not feeling well for a week. He has a fever of 38 °C (100.4 °F) and complains of nausea and a constant migraine. Distinguish between the signs and symptoms of disease in Brian’s case.arrow_forwardIn the diagram below, identify the structures of a cyanobacterial cell based on the following descriptions: a) Outer cellular covering which includes: Mucilaginous layer – outermost layer covering the cell wall; protects the cell from harmful factors of the environment Cell wall – found just below the mucilaginous layer; 2 or 3-layered, the inner layer lies in between the outer wall layer and plasma membrane; the outer layer is made of peptidoglycan Innermost plasma membrane – selectively permeable membrane enclosing the cytoplasm b) Cytoplasm – found below the plasma membrane; the protoplasm which contains structures of different shapes and functions. Lamellae, which contain pigments such as chlorophylls, carotenes, xanthophylls, phycoerythrin and phycocyanin, are located in the peripheral region of cytoplasm. Ribosomes may also be found scattered in the cytoplasm. c) Nucleic material – the nucleoplasm that is centrally located in the cell and contains chromatin in the form…arrow_forwardMycoplasmas are bacteria that lack cell walls. On the basis of this structural feature, which statement concerning mycoplasmas should be true? They are gram-negative. They are subject to lysis in hypotonic conditions. They lack a cell membrane as well. They should contain less cellulose than do bacteria that possess cell walls. They possess typical prokaryotic flagella.arrow_forward
- These structures allow a bacterium to move through an aqueous environment: spores cilia flagella capsules fimbriaearrow_forwardDescribe the cross - section side view of a Gram - negative cell . Clearly state where the following would be located or write the letters in order of appearance from the outside to the inside . If any of these structures are not present , make sure to leave them out . A ) peptidoglycan ; ( B ) periplasm ; ( C ) porin ; ( D ) LPS ; ( E ) teichoic acids ; ( F ) plasma membrane : ( G ) outer membrane : ( H ) nucleoidarrow_forwardWhich of the following statement/s is/are true about gram negative bacteria Cell wall has thin peptidoglycan layer Cell wall lipid content is very low Lipopolyscharride layer is present All of the abovearrow_forward
- Which of the following statement/s is/are true about gram positive bacteria Cell wall has thick peptidoglycan layer Cell wall lipid content is very low Lipopolyscharride layer is absent All of the abovearrow_forwardThese structures allow bacteria to have reserve deposits of lipids or gasses. O a) inclusions Ob) ribosomes Oc) endosporesarrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane in bacteria: Attachment to hosts Production of energy Breakdown of nutrients Selective permiability.arrow_forward
- Give the functions of the following bacterial structures. Granules Pili Flagella Endospores Capsulearrow_forwardDiseases that involve biofilm-producing bacteria are of serious concern. They are not as easily treated compared with those involving free-floating (or planktonic) bacteria. Explain three reasons why biofilms can be more pathogenic.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is TRUE regarding Gram negative bacteria? a- Their cell wall is composed of a large proportion of sugars b- Their cell wall does not absorb the Gram stain and turns pink c- Their cell wall is composed of a small proportion of peptidoglycan d- Two of the above statements are truearrow_forward
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