Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 39, Problem 7TYKT
Summary Introduction
To examine: Whether pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP)-triggered immunity involves the recognition by a toll-like receptor of a pathogen’s specific effector proteins and the triggering of hypersensitive response and systemic acquired resistance or not.
Concept introduction: The hypersensitive response is a characteristic of resistance among several kinds of incompatible interactions that take place between a pathogen and plant. Though an avirulent pathogen enters into the cells of a resistant plant, a complex cascade of signaling occurs. These events result in the death of plant cells at the infection site, so that the pathogen that has penetrated would perish.
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Indicate which response would be most important for each pathogen attack.
A fungus that can attack
the roots, leaves, stems,
and flowers of a plant
Systemic acquired
resistance
Hypersensitive response
A small colony of
protists infects a leaf
A localized bacterial
infection in a single leaf
After an initial pathogen
attack, a second
pathogen attacks several
weeks later
Answer both part (a) and part (b), illustrating your answer with reference to specific named
pathogens.
(a) Compare and contrast some of the different mechanisms used by pathogens to establish an
infection in humans and in plants?
(b) How can certain pathogens evade the human immune response once they have colonised the
body?
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Which of the following is the best reason for using a plant to deliver a vaccine?
Plants can harbor live attenuated whole-agents.
Plants can be eaten and give gastrointestinal immunity.
Plants can deliver the highest quantity of antigen.
The plant cell walls will prevent the antigen from exiting the cells.
A gene for an antigenic protein can only be expressed in plants.
Chapter 39 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 39 - Prob. 1IQCh. 39 - What are the important steps in the transduction...Ch. 39 - What is the plans growth response? What types of...Ch. 39 - Explain how phytochrome can also indicate the...Ch. 39 - What are free-running periods?Ch. 39 - Indicate whether a short-day plant and a long-day...Ch. 39 - Prob. 7IQCh. 39 - Prob. 8IQCh. 39 - Prob. 9IQCh. 39 - Prob. 1SYK
Ch. 39 - Develop a concept map to illustrate your...Ch. 39 - Prob. 3SYKCh. 39 - Prob. 1TYKTCh. 39 - Prob. 2TYKTCh. 39 - Prob. 3TYKTCh. 39 - Prob. 4TYKTCh. 39 - Prob. 5TYKTCh. 39 - Prob. 6TYKTCh. 39 - Prob. 7TYKTCh. 39 - The body form within a species of plant may vary...Ch. 39 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 39 - Small molecules in the cell that amplify signals...Ch. 39 - According to the acid growth hypothesis, a. auxin...Ch. 39 - Which of the following situations would most...Ch. 39 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 39 - Which of the following is not a plant defense...Ch. 39 - Prob. 17TYK
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- The figure to the right illustrates an adaptation seen in C4 plants. Describe what is happening in the figure.arrow_forwardToll-like receptors represent an ancient pathogen-recognition system. The first pattern recognition receptor (PRR) important in innate immune responses was discovered in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Stimulation of this receptor, called Toll, induces: The synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes The inflammatory response in Drosophila hemolymph vessels The production of antimicrobial peptides The recruitment of phagocytic cells to the site of infection The activation of Drosophila complementarrow_forwardComparison between plants and humans defensesarrow_forward
- ---- is inhereted, aquired or indused resistance to infection by a specific pathogenarrow_forwardFrom the list below, select all the examples that of defense that ARE NOT considered part of the hypersensitive response. Multiple answers possible. high levels of capsaicin in fruits and seeds inhibit the spread of fungi on pepper plants. A caterpillar's digestion of proteins is inhibited after feeding on the leaves of a particular plant. Resistance is dependent on a highly specific interaction between the gene products of both the plant and the pathogen. Cells near the site of infection undergo cell death to limit the spread of the infection. The waxy coating of the leaf epidermis prevents bacteria from entering the leaf interior. Evaluatearrow_forwardAn allergy for pollens can be treated. What kind of immunity do you have afterwards?arrow_forward
- Plant pathogens strategies varies when it comes to damage their respective host. Justified the above statement with arguments and examplesarrow_forwardExplain how the interaction of cytokines with receptors ontarget cells may be blocked, or encouraged.arrow_forwardWhy does a sensitized person not experience a skin reaction immediately after exposure to poison oak?arrow_forward
- Please answer the one question below, thanks. In 2013, there was an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at an NFL training facility. One player suffered a career-ending infection to his foot and sued the team owners for $20 million for unsanitary conditions that contributed to the bacterial infection. A settlement with undisclosed terms was reached in 2017. MRSA is highly contagious and is spread by direct skin contact or by airborne transmission and can result in amputation or death. In addition, MRSA is very difficult to treat because it is resistant to many antibiotics. For example, β-lactamβ-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin, function by binding to and inactivating bacterial penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which synthesize the bacterial cell wall. However, MRSA expresses an alternative type of PBP, called PBP2a encoded by the mecA gene. β-lactamβ-lactam antibiotics only weakly bind PBP2a, and thus cell wall synthesis can continue in their…arrow_forwardMany of the inflammatory mediators produced by tissue macrophages at sites of infection act on the endothelial cells lining the blood vessel walls. An exception to this is (are) the: Cytokines that induce increased vascular permeability Chemokines that induce directed migration of blood monocytes Cytokines that induce increased expression of adhesion molecules TNF produced by tissue-resident sensor cells Bradykinin produced that causes painarrow_forward. Explain how the interaction of cytokines with receptors ontarget cells may be blocked.arrow_forward
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