Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 3.6, Problem 1CT
FIGURE 3-22 Synthesis of a triglyceride Dehydration synthesis links a single glycerol molecule with three fatty acids to form a triglyceride and three water molecules.
THINK CRITICALLY what Kind of reaction tweaks this molecule apart?
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 3.1 - define organic molecules and explain why carbon is...Ch. 3.1 - which of these is/are polar molecules? (you may...Ch. 3.1 - explain why functional groups are important in...Ch. 3.1 - name and describe the properties of seven...Ch. 3.2 - define organic molecules and explain why carbon is...Ch. 3.3 - describe the major types of carbohydrates?Ch. 3.3 - A 19-year old 6' 2' male weighing 297 pounds comes...Ch. 3.3 - Describe hydrolysis of this molecule.Ch. 3.3 - provide examples of each type of carbohydrate and...Ch. 3.4 - Infectious prions such as those that cause mad cow...
Ch. 3.4 - describe protein subunits and how proteins are...Ch. 3.4 - Look up the rest of the amino acids and. based on...Ch. 3.4 - explain the four levels of protein structure and...Ch. 3.4 - Why do many proteins, when heated excessively....Ch. 3.4 - list several functions of proteins and provide...Ch. 3.4 - describe the properties of Intrinsically...Ch. 3.5 - Puzzling Proteins All cells use DNA as a blueprint...Ch. 3.5 - describe the general structure of nucleotides?Ch. 3.5 - Why a Perm Is (Temporarily) Permanent?Ch. 3.5 - list three different functions of nucleotides?Ch. 3.5 - explain how nucleic acids are synthesized?Ch. 3.5 - give two examples of nucleic acids and their...Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 3.6 - FIGURE 3-22 Synthesis of a triglyceride...Ch. 3.6 - compare and contrast the structure and synthesis...Ch. 3.6 - An obese 55-year-old woman consults her physician...Ch. 3.6 - What kind of reaction breaks this molecule apart?Ch. 3.6 - why are steroid hormones able to diffuse through...Ch. 3.6 - describe the functions of fats, oils, and waxes?Ch. 3.6 - Why are steroid hormones able to diffuse through...Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 3 - Based on their structure, sketch and explain how...Ch. 3 - In organic molecules made of chains of subunits,...Ch. 3 - Polar molecules a. dissolve in lipids. b. are...Ch. 3 - Prob. 1RQCh. 3 - Prob. 2ACCh. 3 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 3 - Prob. 2MCCh. 3 - List the four principal classes of biological...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3ACCh. 3 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 3 - Prob. 3MCCh. 3 - Prob. 3RQCh. 3 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 3 - Which of the following is not composed of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 4RQCh. 3 - Fill in the following with the appropriate type of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 5MCCh. 3 - Prob. 5RQCh. 3 - Describe the synthesis of a protein from amino...Ch. 3 - Where in nature do we find cellulose? Where do we...
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- Figure 2.17 Fatty acids. Double bonds in the tails are highlighted in red. A. The tail of stearic acid is fully saturated with hydrogen atoms. B. Linoleic acid, with two double bonds, is unsaturated. The first double bond occurs at the sixth carbon from the end of the tail, so linoleic acid is called an omega-6 fatty acid. Omega-6 and C. omega-3 fatty acids are essential fatty acids, which means your body does not make them and they must come from food. D. The hydrogen atoms around the double bond in oleic acid are on the same side of the tail. Most other naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids have these cis bonds. E. Hydrogenation creates abundant trans bonds, with hydrogen atoms on opposite sides of the tail. Figure It Out: Are the double bonds in linolenic acid cis or trans?arrow_forwardDehydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis: Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are all synthesized and broken down by the same types of reactions. In dehydration synthesis, a hydrogen ion (H+) from one molecule joins with a hydroxyl group (OH-) from another molecule to form water (H2O), leaving the two molecules bonded to the same oxygen atom. For example, when two molecules of glucose are joined by dehydration synthesis, they form maltose and water (see below). In hydrolysis, complex organic molecules are broken down by the addition of the components of water - H+ and OH-. Both dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis require certain conditions of pH and temperature and the presence of particular enzymes. Briefly compare and contrast the dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions.arrow_forwardHO molecule E HO. (CH12 CH, OH NH, HO molecule F HO molecule D molecule C H,C-(CH),3 of H,C-(CH,) H,C-(CH molecule B H3C-(CHa)12 H,C-(CH) но molecule Aarrow_forward
- H онн C-C-N -C C-N OH +H20 HH H. H N- C-N-C-C OH OH H. R R The chemical reaction illustrated in the accompanying figure H H C-N-C-C OH N- -C OH R R The chemical reaction illustrated in the accompanying figure O links two monomers to form a polymer separates two phospholipids in a bilayer breaks a peptide bond is a hydrolysis reaction in a polysaccharide A piece of DNA has the following sequence: 5' TCATGG 3'. What would be the sequence of the complementary strand? O 3'AGTACC 5' O S' AGTACC 3 O3 CCATGA 5 O s CCATGA 3 Refer to the accompanying figure. RNA at the beginning of the strands are shaded in lighter color. Identify th leading strand in this figure! O a O b HICIRarrow_forwardHYDROLYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATES INTRODUCTION: Hydrolysis is the process where water is used to break long polysaccharide chains into smaller chains or into simple carbohydrates. Disaccharides can be hydrolyzed into two monosaccharaides units by the use o an enzyme or acid. Sucrose is table sugar which yields glucose and fructose while lactose gives glucose and galactose after hydrolysis. Starch is a homopolysaccharide made up of d-glucose polymer. They are reserved carbohydrates of plants. They are made of two types of polymers namely: amylose (10-30%), no linear and has a 1,4 link and amylopectin (70-90%) is branched having the a 1,4 link and a 1,6 link. Objectives: At the end of the activity, the student can: 1. Hydrolyze the carbohydrate into its monosaccharide unit. 2. Test the products of hydrolysis. Reagents: 6 ml Benedict's reagent, 3 ml Seliwanoff's reagent, 1 ml iodine in KI, 4 ml 3M HCI, 4 ml 3M NaOH, 30 ml distilled water, 0.5 g starch, 0.5 g sucrose Materials: 12(20 ml Test…arrow_forwardcan you draw Glycerol + Valeric acid → Triglyceride + Water like the image doown belowarrow_forward
- Fatty acids are esterified into mono-, di-, or triglycerides by attaching to: Sterol Cholesterol Glycerol Sodium chloride Omega-3 fatty acids have which of the following? At least 3 double bonds A 3-carbon backbone A double bond 3 carbons from the end of the chain At least 3 fatty acid molecules linked by omega bondsarrow_forwardH "H H H HO Choose all of the following are true of the given structure? (Choose all of the correct answers)arrow_forwardMatch each of the following aspects of triacylglycerols (TAGs) with the main structural feature which makes it possible. You may use each match only once. Ester linkages are vulnerable to hydrolysis. TAGS are not amphipathic. TAGS are hydrophobic and are stored anhydrously. Most of the carbons in TAG are highly reduced. 1. 2. 3. 4. TAGS can produce more energy per carbon than glycogen. TAGS can be stored safely, without danger of dissolving cell membranes. TAGS are a much lighter energy store than an equivalent amount of glycogen. The free fatty acids can be readily liberated from the TAGS when they are required for energy production.arrow_forward
- An illustration of a simple triacylglycerol is given. Choose which type of fatty acid is described by each of the given phrase Choices: A, B, C (Refer to picture) 1. a hydrocarbon chain that bends once 2. a polyunsaturated fatty acid chain 3. cannot be saturated by vitamins 4. absorbs the highest number of iodine 5. can be completely saturated by an I2 moleculearrow_forwardLong chains of beta glucose monomers are held together in microfibril bundles by bonds Vanderwaals Interaction ionic covalent hydrogen In a fat molecule a glycerol is covalently bonded to fatty acid tails by a glycosidic link a hydrogen bond an ionic bond an ester link If the R group of an amino acid is nonpolar, it probably consists of one or more methyl groups hydroxyl groups amino groups hydrophilic groupsarrow_forwardLipids are the biomolecules of choice for storage of metabolic energy because they: yield a large amount of energy after complete reduction yield a large amount of energy after complete hydrolysis yield a large amount of energy after complete trans isomerization yield a large amount of energy after complete oxidation.arrow_forward
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