Differential Equations: An Introduction to Modern Methods and Applications
Differential Equations: An Introduction to Modern Methods and Applications
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781118531778
Author: James R. Brannan, William E. Boyce
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 3.4, Problem 23P

Applications.

In this problem, we indicate how to show that the trajectories are ellipses when the eigenvalues are purely imaginary.

Consider the system

( x y ) ' = ( a l l a 12 a 21 a 22 ) ( x y ) . (i)

(a) Show that the eigenvalues of the coefficient matrix are purely imaginary if and only if

a 11 + a 22 = 0 , a 11 a 22 a 12 a 21 > 0 . (ii)

(b) The trajectories of the system (i) can be found by convertingEqs. (i) into the single equation

d y d x = d y / d t d x / d t = a 21 x + a 22 y a 11 x + a 12 y . (iii)

Use the first of Eqs. (ii) to show that Eq. (iii) is exact.

(c) By integrating Eq. (iii), show that

a 21 x 2 + 2 a 22 x y a 12 y 2 = k , (iv)

Where k is a constant. Use Eqs. (ii) to conclude that the graph of Eq. (iv) is always an ellipse.

Hint: What is the discriminant of the quadratic form in Eq. (iv) ?

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Chapter 3 Solutions

Differential Equations: An Introduction to Modern Methods and Applications

Ch. 3.1 - Solving Linear Systems. In each of Problems 1...Ch. 3.1 - Solving Linear Systems. In each of Problems ...Ch. 3.1 - Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. In each of Problems...Ch. 3.1 - Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. In each of Problems...Ch. 3.1 - Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. In each of Problems...Ch. 3.1 - Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. In each of Problems...Ch. 3.1 - Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. In each of Problems...Ch. 3.1 - Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. In each of Problems...Ch. 3.1 - Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. In each of Problems...Ch. 3.1 - Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. In each of Problems...Ch. 3.1 - Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. In each of Problems...Ch. 3.1 - Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. In each of Problems ...Ch. 3.1 - Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. In each of Problems...Ch. 3.1 - Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. In each of Problems ...Ch. 3.1 - Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. In each of Problems ...Ch. 3.1 - Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. In each of Problems ...Ch. 3.1 - Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. In each of Problems...Ch. 3.1 - Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. In each of Problems ...Ch. 3.1 - Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. In each of Problems...Ch. 3.1 - Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. In each of Problems ...Ch. 3.1 - Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. In each of Problems ...Ch. 3.1 - Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. In each of Problems ...Ch. 3.1 - In each of Problems through : Find the...Ch. 3.1 - In each of Problems through : Find the...Ch. 3.1 - In each of Problems 33 through 36: Find the...Ch. 3.1 - In each of Problems through : Find the...Ch. 3.1 - If , derive the result in Eq. for . …...Ch. 3.1 - Show that =0 is an eigenvalue of the matrix A if...Ch. 3.2 - Writing Systems in Matrix Form. In each of...Ch. 3.2 - Writing Systems in Matrix Form. In each of...Ch. 3.2 - Writing Systems in Matrix Form. In each of...Ch. 3.2 - Writing Systems in Matrix Form. In each of...Ch. 3.2 - Writing Systems in Matrix Form. In each of...Ch. 3.2 - Writing Systems in Matrix Form. In each of...Ch. 3.2 - Writing Systems in Matrix Form. In each of...Ch. 3.2 - Writing Systems in Matrix Form. In each of...Ch. 3.2 - Show that the functions and are solutions of...Ch. 3.2 - (a) Show that the functions x(t)=et(2cos2tsin2t)...Ch. 3.2 - Show that is solution of the...Ch. 3.2 - (a) Show that x=et(2t1t1)+(6t+22t1) issolution of...Ch. 3.2 - Find the equilibrium solution, or critical point,...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 14PCh. 3.2 - In each of Problems through : Find the...Ch. 3.2 - In each of Problems through : Find the...Ch. 3.2 - In each of Problems 15 through 20: (a) Find the...Ch. 3.2 - In each of Problems 15 through 20: (a) Find the...Ch. 3.2 - In each of Problems 15 through 20: (a) Find the...Ch. 3.2 - In each of Problems through : Find the...Ch. 3.2 - Second Order Differential Equations. In Problems...Ch. 3.2 - Second Order Differential Equations. In Problems...Ch. 3.2 - Second Order Differential Equations. In Problems...Ch. 3.2 - Second Order Differential Equations. In Problems...Ch. 3.2 - In each of Problems 25 and 26, transform the given...Ch. 3.2 - In each of Problems 25 and 26, transform the given...Ch. 3.2 - Applications. Electric Circuits. The theory of...Ch. 3.2 - Applications. Electric Circuits. The theory of...Ch. 3.2 - Applications. Electric Circuits. The theory of...Ch. 3.2 - Mixing Problems. Each of the tank shown in...Ch. 3.2 - Consider two interconnected tanks similar to those...Ch. 3.3 - General Solutions of Systems. In each of problems...Ch. 3.3 - General Solutions of Systems. In each of problems...Ch. 3.3 - General Solutions of Systems. In each of problems...Ch. 3.3 - General Solutions of Systems. In each of problems...Ch. 3.3 - General Solutions of Systems. In each of problems...Ch. 3.3 - General Solutions of Systems. In each of problems...Ch. 3.3 - General Solutions of Systems. In each of problems...Ch. 3.3 - General Solutions of Systems. In each of problems...Ch. 3.3 - General Solutions of Systems. In each of problems...Ch. 3.3 - General Solutions of Systems. In each of problems...Ch. 3.3 - General Solutions of Systems. In each of problems...Ch. 3.3 - General Solutions of Systems. In each of problems...Ch. 3.3 - In each of problems 13 through 16, solve the given...Ch. 3.3 - In each of problems 13 through 16, solve the given...Ch. 3.3 - In each of problems 13 through 16, solve the given...Ch. 3.3 - In each of problems 13 through 16, solve the given...Ch. 3.3 - Phase Portraits and Component Plots. In each of...Ch. 3.3 - Phase Portraits and Component Plots. In each of...Ch. 3.3 - Phase Portraits and Component Plots. In each of...Ch. 3.3 - Phase Portraits and Component Plots. In each of...Ch. 3.3 - Phase Portraits and Component Plots. In each of...Ch. 3.3 - Phase Portraits and Component Plots. In each of...Ch. 3.3 - Phase Portraits and Component Plots. In each of...Ch. 3.3 - Phase Portraits and Component Plots. In each of...Ch. 3.3 - Second order Equations. For Problems through...Ch. 3.3 - Second order Equations. For Problems through...Ch. 3.3 - Second order Equations. For Problems through...Ch. 3.3 - Second order Equations. For Problems through...Ch. 3.3 - Second order Equations. For Problems through...Ch. 3.3 - Second order Equations. For Problems 25 through...Ch. 3.3 - Obtaining exact, or approximate, expressions for...Ch. 3.3 - Electric Circuits. Problem 32 and 33 are concerned...Ch. 3.3 - Electric Circuits. Problem and are concerned...Ch. 3.3 - Dependence on a Parameter. Consider the system...Ch. 3.4 - General Solutions of Systems. In each of Problems...Ch. 3.4 - General Solutions of Systems. In each of Problems ...Ch. 3.4 - General Solutions of Systems. In each of Problems...Ch. 3.4 - General Solutions of Systems. In each of Problems ...Ch. 3.4 - General Solutions of Systems. In each of Problems...Ch. 3.4 - General Solutions of Systems. In each of Problems ...Ch. 3.4 - In each of Problems through, find the solution of...Ch. 3.4 - In each of Problems through, find the solution of...Ch. 3.4 - In each of Problems 7 through 10, find the...Ch. 3.4 - In each of Problems through, find the solution of...Ch. 3.4 - Phase Portraits and component Plots. In each of...Ch. 3.4 - Phase Portraits and component Plots. In each of...Ch. 3.4 - Dependence on a Parameter. In each of Problems ...Ch. 3.4 - Dependence on a Parameter. In each of Problems ...Ch. 3.4 - Dependence on a Parameter. In each of Problems ...Ch. 3.4 - Dependence on a Parameter. In each of Problems ...Ch. 3.4 - Dependence on a Parameter. In each of Problems ...Ch. 3.4 - Dependence on a Parameter. In each of Problems 13...Ch. 3.4 - Dependence on a Parameter. In each of Problems 13...Ch. 3.4 - Dependence on a Parameter. In each of Problems 13...Ch. 3.4 - Applications. Consider the electric circuit shown...Ch. 3.4 - Applications. The electric circuit shown in...Ch. 3.4 - Applications. In this problem, we indicate how to...Ch. 3.5 - General Solution and Phase Portraits. In each of...Ch. 3.5 - General Solutions and Phase Portraits. In each of...Ch. 3.5 - General Solutions and Phase Portraits. In each of...Ch. 3.5 - General Solutions and Phase Portraits. In each of...Ch. 3.5 - General Solutions and Phase Portraits. In each of...Ch. 3.5 - General Solutions and Phase Portraits. In each of...Ch. 3.5 - In each of Problems 7 through , find the solution...Ch. 3.5 - In each of Problems 7through 12, find the solution...Ch. 3.5 - In each of Problems 7 through , find the solution...Ch. 3.5 - In each of Problems 7 through , find the solution...Ch. 3.5 - In each of Problems 7 through , find the solution...Ch. 3.5 - In each of Problems 7 through , find the solution...Ch. 3.5 - Consider again the electric circuit in Problem 22...Ch. 3.5 - Trace Determinant Plane. Show that the solution of...Ch. 3.5 - Consider the linear system , where and are real...Ch. 3.5 - Continuing Problem 15, Show that the critical...Ch. 3.6 - For each of the systems in Problem through : Find...Ch. 3.6 - For each of the systems in Problem through : Find...Ch. 3.6 - For each of the systems in Problem 1 through 6: a)...Ch. 3.6 - For each of the systems in Problem through : Find...Ch. 3.6 - For each of the systems in Problem through : Find...Ch. 3.6 - For each of the systems in Problem 1 through 6: a)...Ch. 3.6 - For each of the systems in Problem 7 through 12:...Ch. 3.6 - For each of the systems in Problem through : Find...Ch. 3.6 - For each of the systems in Problem through : Find...Ch. 3.6 - For each of the systems in Problem through : Find...Ch. 3.6 - For each of the systems in Problem through : Find...Ch. 3.6 - For each of the systems in Problem through : Find...Ch. 3.6 - For each of the systems in Problem through : Find...Ch. 3.6 - For each of the systems in Problem 13 through 20:...Ch. 3.6 - For each of the systems in Problem through : Find...Ch. 3.6 - For each of the systems in Problem 13 through 20:...Ch. 3.6 - For each of the systems in Problem through : Find...Ch. 3.6 - For each of the systems in Problem through : Find...Ch. 3.6 - For each of the systems in Problem through : Find...Ch. 3.6 - For each of the systems in Problem 13 through 20:...Ch. 3.6 - Consider the system in Example . Draw a component...Ch. 3.6 - In this problem we indicate how to find the...Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 23PCh. 3.6 - An asymptotically stable limit cycle is a closed...Ch. 3.6 - A model for the population, x and y of two...Ch. 3.P1 - Assume that all the rate constants in , are...Ch. 3.P1 - Estimating Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of from...Ch. 3.P1 - Computing the Entries of from Its Eigenvalues and...Ch. 3.P1 - Given estimates Kij of the entries of K and...Ch. 3.P1 - Table 3.P.1 lists drug concentration measurements...Ch. 3.P2 - If represents the amount of drug (milligrams) in...Ch. 3.P2 - Prob. 2PCh. 3.P2 - Assuming that and , use the parameter values...Ch. 3.P2 - If a dosage is missed, explain through the...Ch. 3.P2 - Suppose the drug can be packaged in a...
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