Many direct factors or general barriers contribute to all host-microbe relationship to some degree. In some conditions, they favor the microbial establishments and in some conditions, they provide some measure of general defense to the host. The vertebral host possesses some specific physical and mechanical barriers. These barriers are the first line of defense against physical, chemical, and microbial assaults. Skin, mucous membranes, epithelia of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal systems are examples of first-line defense barriers.

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Chapter 32.2, Problem 2CC

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Many direct factors or general barriers contribute to all host-microbe relationship to some degree. In some conditions, they favor the microbial establishments and in some conditions, they provide some measure of general defense to the host. The vertebral host possesses some specific physical and mechanical barriers. These barriers are the first line of defense against physical, chemical, and microbial assaults. Skin, mucous membranes, epithelia of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal systems are examples of first-line defense barriers.

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