a) Syndiotactic polyacrylonitrile
Interpretation:
Draw the three-dimensional structure of the polymeric products given in the question.
Concept introduction:
Isotactic, syndiotactic, and atactic are the stereochemical forms. The
Syndiotactic are the macromolecules in which the (-R) groups are arranged in an alternate manner along the long chain of the polymer. Gutta percha is also an example for Syndiotactic polymer.
In atactic form, the substituents are placed in a random manner along the long chain.
The important point to note here is that the polymer obtained from the chain growth
b) Atactic poly(methyl methacrylate)
Interpretation:
Draw the three-dimensional structure of the polymeric products given in the question.
Concept introduction:
Isotactic, syndiotactic, and atactic are the stereochemical forms. The polymer having the (-R) group on the same side of the macromolecule backbone (zig-zag bone) is known as isotactic polymer. An isotactic macromolecule consists of 100% meso diads.
Syndiotactic are the macromolecules in which the (-R) groups are arranged in an alternate manner along the long chain of the polymer. Gutta percha is also an example for Syndiotactic polymer.
In atactic form, the substituents are placed in a random manner along the long chain.
The important point to note here is that the polymer obtained from the chain growth polymerization mechanism must have chiral carbons to possess these structures. If the polymer formed does not have chiral carbon then it cannot occur in isotactic, syndiotactic and atactic forms.
c) Isotactic poly(vinyl chloride)
Interpretation:
Draw the three-dimensional structure of the polymeric products given in the question.
Concept introduction:
Isotactic, syndiotactic, and atactic are the stereochemical forms. The polymer having the (-R) group on the same side of the macromolecule backbone (zig-zag bone) is known as isotactic polymer. An isotactic macromolecule consists of 100% meso diads.
Syndiotactic are the macromolecules in which the (-R) groups are arranged in an alternate manner along the long chain of the polymer. Gutta percha is also an example for Syndiotactic polymer.
In atactic form, the substituents are placed in a random manner along the long chain.
The important point to note here is that the polymer obtained from the chain growth polymerization mechanism must have chiral carbons to possess these structures. If the polymer formed does not have chiral carbon then it cannot occur in isotactic, syndiotactic and atactic forms.
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Chapter 31 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- 2. Draw a section of the chain (four or five repeating units) of each of the following head-to-tail polymers: (a) syndiotactic poly(vinyl alcohol) isotactic poly(a-methylstyrene) (b) atactic 1,2-polybutadiene syndiotactic poly(1,2-difluoroethylene) (c) (d)arrow_forwardDuring our lectures on polymeric materials, I used polyethylene as an example because of its very straightforward structure. (a.) Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is used as an initiator for the polymerization of ethylene. Draw a diagram of a dissociated hydrogen peroxide molecule which emphasizes the creation of two free radicals (unbonded electrons) that can serve as initiators or as terminators of polymerization.arrow_forwardWrite an equation for the formation of the following polymers.(a) Polystyrene, from styrene (C6H5CH=CH2)(b) PET (polyethylene terephthalate), from ethylene glycol and terephthalic acidarrow_forward
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- Teflon is a polymer formed by the polymerization ofF2C“CF2. (a) Draw the structure of a section of this polymer.(b) What type of polymerization reaction is requiredto form Teflon?arrow_forward(a) What are biodegradable polymers? Give one example.(b) Is polythene a condensation or an addition polymer?arrow_forward1. Explain the following observations: (i) Kevlar has an extremely high tensile strength and melting temperature. (ii) At room temperature, poly(methylmethacrylate) is transparent, while polyethylene istranslucent. At temperatures above 135°C, both polymers are transparent. (iii) Polyoxymethylene and polyethylene exhibit similar mechanical behaviour. However, the glass transition temperature of polyoxymethylene is about 50°C higher than that of polyethylene.arrow_forward
Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning