Prescott's Microbiology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781260211887
Author: WILLEY, Sandman, Wood
Publisher: McGraw Hill
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 30, Problem 1AL
The unicellular cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus sp. is the most abundant photosynthetic microbe in tropical and subtropical oceans. At least two ecotypes exist: one is adapted to high light and the other to lower light intensities. How does the presence of these two ecotypes contribute to their physiological success and their numerical success? How would you determine the amount of fixed carbon they contribute to these open-ocean ecosystems?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
discuss at least five different examples of extremophiles on Earth and discuss how they thrive in their special environments (or, each person can choose one extremophile to research and share with the rest of the group).
Extrapolate these extreme survival abilities to the kinds of life that might be able to survive in the very different environments throughout our Solar System? Do you think that watery places like Europa or Enceladus would be a better environment to search for life as opposed to somewhere like the clouds of Venus? Why or why not? For more information on possible life in Venus' atmosphere,
In a population of cyanobacteria (Chlorogloeopsis fritschii) in a hot spring in Iceland, some of the bacteria can produce chlorophyll f, while some C. fritschii produce only other types of chlorophylls. Chlorophyll f absorbs light outside of the visible light spectrum, namely near infrared light, allowing the bacteria to absorb light that has not been absorbed or reflected by the water or other organisms. The ability to produce chlorophyll f is heritable, and the bacteria with chlorophyll f can live in low-light environments, such as underneath other organisms, or near the bottom of the light-penetrating zone of the spring. What is the adaptation in this population of C. fritschii living in low-light environments? (Choose one.)
a) the ability to produce chlorophyll f
b) the ability to produce any type of chlorophyll
c) the ability to tolerate the high temperatures of the hot spring
d) the ability to survive and reproduce
Soil microorganisms, collectively referred to as dizotrophs, fix 90% of the inert nitrogen gas to
ammonium and nitrate. There are two-main types of nitrogen-fixing bacteria: free-living (nonsymbiotic)
and mutualistic (symbiotic). Describe the mutualistic relationship between Rhizobium and legumes. What
is the advantage of using legumes as a cover crop in agricultural systems?
A point of interest is that the nitrogenase enzyme complex is highly sensitive to oxygen. This is a major
problem for free-living aerobic species such as cyanobacteria and species of the genera Azotobacter and
Beiigrinckia. Describe two ways the bacteria can overcome to levels of oxygen in their cells.
Chapter 30 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 30.1 - Prob. 1MICh. 30.1 - What factors influence oxygen solubility? How is...Ch. 30.1 - Describe the buffering system that regulates the...Ch. 30.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 30.1 - What features of a thermocline make it similar to...Ch. 30.2 - How is sulfur cycled between the anoxygenic...Ch. 30.2 - Prob. 1.1CCCh. 30.2 - Prob. 1.2CCCh. 30.2 - How do heterotrophic microbes contribute to the...Ch. 30.2 - Prob. 3MI
Ch. 30.2 - What is marine snow? Why is it important in CO2...Ch. 30.2 - Prob. 2.2CCCh. 30.2 - Prob. 2.3CCCh. 30.2 - Prob. 2.4CCCh. 30.2 - Prob. 2.5CCCh. 30.2 - Explain what is meant by upside-down microbial...Ch. 30.2 - Prob. 2.7CCCh. 30.3 - Figure 30.15 Nutrient Cycling in Antarctic Lakes...Ch. 30.3 - How does the contribution of benthic autotrophs...Ch. 30.3 - Why does water turbulence play only a minor role...Ch. 30.3 - Why is mixotrophy suited for survival in Antarctic...Ch. 30.3 - What is an oxygen sag curve? What changes in a...Ch. 30.3 - What are point and nonpoint source pollution? Can...Ch. 30.3 - Prob. 4CCCh. 30.3 - Prob. 5CCCh. 30.3 - Why do cyanobacteria often dominate waters that...Ch. 30 - Prob. 1RCCh. 30 - Prob. 2RCCh. 30 - Prob. 3RCCh. 30 - Prob. 4RCCh. 30 - Prob. 5RCCh. 30 - Prob. 6RCCh. 30 - Prob. 7RCCh. 30 - Prob. 8RCCh. 30 - The unicellular cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus sp....Ch. 30 - Prob. 2ALCh. 30 - It is well known that bacterivory (the consumption...Ch. 30 - Prob. 4AL
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Is oxygen a requirement for the growth of all organisms? Describe the following in terms of oxygen need.arrow_forwardThe chemical representation of algae is C106H263O110N16P. The Gulf of Mexico contains 0.2 mg/L of nitrogen and 0.08 mg/L of phosphorus. a.Which is the limiting nutrient for algal growth in the water? Assume all other nutrients are abundant. b.What will be the mass of algae produced per liter of water (mg/L) in an algal bloom? c.If the nitrogen source is reduced by 50%, would the algae production also decrease by half? d.If the phosphorus source is reduced by 50%, would the algae production also decrease by half?arrow_forwardAntibiotics enter the environment in wastewater from pharmaceutical manufacturing plants, in wastes from farms where they are used in animals, and in sewage from human populations. (Many antibiotics are excreted in their active form.) The influx of antibiotics into the environment is a concern because the presence of these compounds in the environment selects for antibiotic resistance. As pollutants, antibiotics can also have ecological effects. Describe some of the ecological roles of bacteria, and explain why disruption of these roles by antibiotic pollution would have a negative impact.arrow_forward
- You are culturing 2 algal species. Species A has a maximum photosynthetic output of 8 mg C mg-1 chl a h-1 and a half saturation constant of 20 µE m-2 s-1. Species B reaches a maximum photosynthetic output of 4 mg C mg-1 chl a h-1 and has half saturation constant of 18 µE m-2 s-1. Which species will be growing faster at a PAR light intensity of 80 µE m-2 s-1? Why?arrow_forwardList some metabolic strategies that have evolved to enable microbial survival in oligotrophic marine habitats. Which do you think is most successful in terms of numbers of microbes and metabolic flexibility? Explain your answerarrow_forwardScientists examined the interactions between bacteria and two species of protozoa, Uronema sp. and Euplotes sp., found in the bays and inlets of coastal California. An experiment was designed that modeled the ecosystem and measured the amount of bacteria and carbon that were ingested by the protozoal species, as shown in the data table. Bacteria with labeled glucose were incubated with these two species of protozoa. The number of bacteria, carbon ingested, and carbon exuded from the protozoa were then measured. Which of the following explains how the difference between ingested and exuded carbon relates to the energy in the aquatic ecosystem? Protozoa Bacteria Ingested (x107 l‒1h‒1) Bacterial Carbon Ingested (ngC l‒1h‒1) Exuded Bacterial Carbon (ngC l‒1h‒1) Uronema sp. 172.20 34,460 3,067 Euplotes sp. 50.82 10,170 305 The protozoa hydrolyzed the ingested carbon, resulting in an increase in energy within the ecosystem. The protozoa decomposed…arrow_forward
- We have seen that energy is essential for life on earth. All organisms need energy to maintain their cellular processes. There are two basic ways of generating energy de novo, at the base of food webs. Describe the two primary ways that autotrophic organisms generate energy, including the original source of energy and the primary organisms that carry out each process.arrow_forwardCan someone please help me with 3 multiple choice question, please choose the best that fits, Thank you 1) Most of the nitrogen on earth is contained in nitrogen gas in the atmosphere, which of the following orgnisms convert nitrogen to a form accessible to the rest of the biological community ? A)fungi B)nitrogen fixing prokaryotes C) plants D) nitrogen fixing protists 2)if a meteor impact or volcanic eruption injected a lot of dust into the atmosphere and significantly reduced the sunlight reaching Earth's surface for one year, which of the following marine communitites would be least affected? A)coral reef B)estuary C) intertidal D) deep -sea-vent E) wetlands 3)In terrestrial biomes, which factor is dependent on all the others? A)mineral nutrient availability B)annual average precipitation C) soil structure D)the specific plant and animal species E) light availabilityarrow_forwardSoil-based nitrogen-fixing bacteria appear to be highly vulnerable to exposure to UV radiation. Suppose that the ozone level continues to be depleted, what are the long-term effects on the planet?arrow_forward
- Methanopyrus kandleri and Pyrolobus fumarij are bacteria that live near hydrothermal vents under the oceans. Temperatures at these vents can reach well over 100 degrees Celsius. Both organisms obtain energy from hydrogen but Methanopyrus kandleri grows best at 98 degrees Celsius while Pyrolobus fumarij prefers to reproduce at temperatures above 100 degrees Celsius. These bacteria provide the base of a food web at the bottom of the ocean floor. What questions could a student ask in order to investigate this difference between the bacteria? A. What kind of heat tolerance do other nearby organisms have? B. Does the Methanopyrus kandleri live farther away from the vent than the Pyrolobus fumarij? C. Does Methanopyrus kandleri have a thicker cell wall than Pyrolobus fumarij? D. Is one organism better adapted to the environment than the other?arrow_forwardE. coli cells require organic compounds, such as glucose as its carbon and energy source, and prefer to live in an fully oxygenated environment. Which of the following is the most accurate way to describe E. coli based on its trophic properties? O Chemolithoautotroph Phototroph Anaerobic bacterium O Chemoorganoheterotropharrow_forwardcreate a dichotomous key to identify the following organisms using gas exchange strategies; transportation strategies, and reproductive strategies: Methanogen sp. (Archaebacteria), E. coli (Eubacteria), Yeast (Fungi), Corn (monocot plant), Beans (dicot plant), Ant (Animal - Insect), Salmon (Animalia - Fish), frog (Animalia - Amphibian) and Dog (Animalia - Mammalia)arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Microorganisms | Genetics | Biology | FuseSchool; Author: FuseSchool - Global Education;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YSitT0oOoyc;License: Standard youtube license