Organic Chemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781936221349
Author: Marc Loudon, Jim Parise
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 3, Problem 3.6P
Interpretation Introduction
(a)
Interpretation:
The resonance structure for allyl cation is to be stated using the curved-arrow notation.
Concept introduction:
Most of the organic structures cannot be represented using single Lewis structure. Therefore, there exists more than one Lewis structure for representing a molecule or ion. These structures are known as resonance structures. These are the hypothetical structures and do not specify the exact structure. The delocalization of electrons results in the formation of resonance structure. The curved-arrow notation traces the flow of the electrons in a compound. This notation is used to derive the resonance structure.
Interpretation Introduction
(b)
Interpretation:
The resonance structure for allyl anion is to be stated using the curved-arrow notation.
Concept introduction:
Most of the organic structures cannot be represented using single Lewis structure. Therefore, there exists more than one Lewis structure for representing a molecule or ion. These structures are known as resonance structures. These are the hypothetical structures and do not specify the exact structure. The delocalization of electrons results in the formation of resonance structure. The curved-arrow notation traces the flow of the electrons in a compound. This notation is used to derive the resonance structure.
Interpretation Introduction
(c)
Interpretation:
The resonance structure for benzene is to be stated using the curved-arrow notation.
Concept introduction:
Most of the organic structures cannot be represented using single Lewis structure. Therefore, there exists more than one Lewis structure for representing a molecule or ion. These structures are known as resonance structures. These are the hypothetical structures and do not specify the exact structure. The delocalization of electrons results in the formation of resonance structure. The curved-arrow notation traces the flow of the electrons in a compound. This notation is used to derive the resonance structure.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
(a) Add the lone pairs to this structure and draw a valid resonance structure for it that has octets on all of the heavy atoms (i.e., non-hydrogen atoms).
(b) What is the hybridization of the nitrogen?
When one electron is added to an oxygen molecule, a
superoxide ion (Oz) is formed. The addition of two elec-
trons gives a peroxide ion (Oź ). Removal of an electron
from O, leads to Ož.
(a) Construct the correlation diagram for Oz.
(b) Give the valence electron configuration for each of the
following species: Ož, O2, 0z, 03 .
(c) Give the bond order of each species.
(d) Predict which species are paramagnetic.
(e) Predict the order of increasing bond dissociation
energy among the species.
There is persuasive evidence for the brief existence of theunstable molecule OPCl.(a) Draw a Lewis diagram for this molecule in which theoctet rule is satisfied on all atoms and the formalcharges on all atoms are zero
.(b) The compound OPCl reacts with oxygen to giveO2PCl. Draw a Lewis diagram of O2PCl for which allformal charges are equal to zero. Draw a Lewis diagram in which the octet rule is satisfied on all atoms.
Chapter 3 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.1PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.2PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.3PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.4PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.5PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.6PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.7PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.8PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.9PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.10P
Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.11PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.12PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.13PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.14PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.15PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.16PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.17PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.18PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.19PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.20PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.21PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.22PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.24PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.25PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.26PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.27PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.28PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.29PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.30PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.31PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.32APCh. 3 - Prob. 3.33APCh. 3 - Prob. 3.34APCh. 3 - Prob. 3.35APCh. 3 - Prob. 3.36APCh. 3 - Prob. 3.37APCh. 3 - Prob. 3.38APCh. 3 - Prob. 3.39APCh. 3 - Prob. 3.40APCh. 3 - Prob. 3.41APCh. 3 - Prob. 3.42APCh. 3 - Prob. 3.43APCh. 3 - Prob. 3.44APCh. 3 - Prob. 3.45APCh. 3 - Prob. 3.46APCh. 3 - Prob. 3.47APCh. 3 - Prob. 3.48APCh. 3 - Prob. 3.49APCh. 3 - Prob. 3.50APCh. 3 - Prob. 3.51APCh. 3 - Prob. 3.52APCh. 3 - Prob. 3.53APCh. 3 - Prob. 3.54APCh. 3 - Prob. 3.55APCh. 3 - Prob. 3.56APCh. 3 - Prob. 3.57APCh. 3 - Prob. 3.58APCh. 3 - Prob. 3.59APCh. 3 - Prob. 3.60AP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Following are three contributing structures for diazomethane, CH2N2. This molecule is used to make methyl esters from carboxylic acids. (a) Using curved arrows, show how each contributing structure is converted to the one on its right. (b) Which contributing structure makes the largest contribution to the hybrid?arrow_forward(1) (a) Draw an energy level diagram showing the ground state electronic struc- ture of each of the following diatomics: H₂, N2, O2, F2, and Ne₂. (b) Use the above diagram to predict the bond order of each of these diatomics. (c) Use the same procedure to predict the bond order of C and Oarrow_forward(a) Find the angle u between adjacent nearest-neighbor bonds in the silicon lattice. Recall that each silicon atom is bonded to four of its nearest neighbors.The four neighbors form a regular tetrahedron— a pyramid whose sides and base are equilateral triangles. (b) Find the bond length, given that the atoms at the corners of the tetrahedron are 388 pm apart.arrow_forward
- TOPIC: QUANTUM, ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICIS (a) Using Hückel's method, describe the energy of the molecular orbitals T of cyclobutadiene C4H4, which is a flat molecule made up of a square ring of carbons, as shown in the figure; (b) Do the same for 1,3-butadiene C4H6, which is an elongated planar molecule, as shown in the figure. (c) In both cases, draw an energy diagram indicating the filling of the orbitals and identifying the HOMO and the LUMO. Sketch by hand schematically (using two colors to distinguish the lobes from the 2pz orbitals) the result obtained for the orbitals, identifying them with the corresponding energy. If possible, you can use the Orbital Viewer program to plot the orbitals.arrow_forwardAre these statements true or false? Correct any that are false.(a) Two bonds comprise a double bond.(b) A triple bond consists of one bond π and two bonds σ.(c) Bonds formed from atomic sorbitals are always bonds.(d) A π bond restricts rotation about the σ-bond axis.(e) A π bond consists of two pairs of electrons.(f) End-to-end overlap results in a bond with electron density above and below the bond axis.arrow_forward(a) Dihydrogen cation H2+ is commonly found in interstellar space. It can be generated by ionization of dihydrogen molecule H2. What electromagnetic radiation can be used to generate the H2+ cation? (b) Construct an energy level diagram for the molecular orbitals of the H2+ cation. What is the bond order of the HH bond in the H2+ cation? (c) Suggest a spectroscopic method for differentiation of H2 gas and the H2+ cation. Explain your answers.arrow_forward
- Q. 3. (a) Determine the orbital in which the 9th and 10th electron will go in case of N2 molecule and its monopositive ion based on MO diagram. (b) Determine the pH of a 2 M ammonia solution, having the following balanced chemical reaction as follows (Kb=1.5×104) NH3(aq) + H2O(1) = NH,*(aq) + OH (aq) (c) Identify titration curves given below. Also explain the behavior and shape of the curve they followed during the following titration. A A Conductance Conductance В i B Volume of titrant Volume of titrantarrow_forwardProblem Draw a Lewis structure and identify the octet-rule exception for (a) H3PO4 (draw two resonance forms and select the more important); (b) BFCl2.Plan We draw each Lewis structure and examine it for exceptions to the octet rule.(a) The central atom is in Period 3, so it can have more than an octet.(b) The central atom is B, which can have fewer than an octet of electrons.arrow_forwardHybridization. (a) For acetone (shown below), give the electronic configuration as a function of energy and show how the orbitals are modified to explain sp² hybridization on the carbonyl oxygen. (b) Place the appropriate number of electrons into the hybridized orbitals to explain the bonding (geometry and types of orbitals) around the oxygen atom. (c) Describe the bonding to justify the sp² hybridization of the oxygen atom. I Carrow_forward
- Amines are like ammonia in being weak bases. They do this by using their unshared electron pair to accept a proton. (a.) Show the reaction that would take place between trimethyl amine and HCl. (b)What hybridization state would you expect for the nitrogen atom in the product of this reaction?arrow_forwardThe vibrations of a CO2 molecule are symmetrical stretch, bend, and asymmetrical stretch (Figure ), with frequencies of 4.02x1013 s-1, 2.00x1013 s-1, and 7.05x1013 s-1, respectively. (a) What wavelengths correspond to these vibrations? (b) Calculate the energy (in J) of each vibration. Which uses the least energy?arrow_forwardThe ground-state electron configuration of the H; molec- ular ion is (og15)'. (a) A molecule of H absorbs a photon, promoting the electron to the os molecular orbital. Predict what happens to the molecule. (b) Another molecule of H absorbs even more energy promoting the electron to the o,2, molecular orbital. Predict what happens to this molecule.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning