Chemistry
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780078021527
Author: Julia Burdge
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 115AP
Suppose you are given a cube made of magnesium (Mg) metal of edge length 1.0 cm. (a) Calculate the number of Mg atoms in the cube. (b) Atoms are spherical in shape. Therefore, the Mg atoms in the cube cannot fill all the available space. If only 74 percent of the space inside the cube is taken up by Mg atoms, calculate the radius in picometers of an Mg atom. (The density of Mg is 1.74 g/cm3, and the volume of a sphere of radius r is
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
(a) Atoms are very small compared to objects on the macroscopic scale. The radius of a vanadium atom is 131 pm. What is this value in meters and in
centimeters?
cm
(b) The mass of a single vanadium atom is 8.46×10-23 g. Suppose enough V atoms were lined up like beads on a string to span a distance of 44.7 cm ( 18
atoms
inches). How many atoms would be required?
What mass in grams of V would be used?
Could you weigh out this amount of vanadium using a typical laboratory balance?
(c) Taking the density of vanadium metal to be 6.08 g/cm³, calculate the mass of metal needed to form a piece of V wire with the same length as the
distance in b, but with a diameter of 1.00 mm. Hint: The volume of a cylinder is T times its radius squared times its height. (V = T r² h)
How many vanadium atoms does this represent?
atoms
(a) Atoms are very small compared to objects on the macroscopic scale. The radius of a nickel atom is 125 pm. What is this value in meters
and in centimeters?
cm
-23
(b) The mass of a single nickel atom is 9.75×10 g. Suppose enough Ni atoms were lined up like beads on a string to span a distance of
31.3 cm (12 inches). How many atoms would be required?
atoms
What mass in grams of Ni would be used?
Could you weigh out this amount of nickel using a typical laboratory balance?
(c) Taking the density of nickel metal to be 8.91 g/cm, calculate the mass of metal needed to form a piece of Ni wire with the same length
as the distance in b, but with a diameter of 1.00 mm. Hint: The volume of a cylinder is n times its radius squared times its height. (V = nr
h)
How many nickel atoms does this represent?
atoms
Suppose that mercury forms a perfect spherical droplet with a diameter of 5.0 mm. (a) What is the volume of the mercury droplet in cubic centimeters (cm3)? (b) If the density of mercury is 13.6 g/cm3, calculate the mass of the droplet. (c) How many mercury atoms are present in the droplet? (Volume of sphere = (4/3)3.14r3)
Chapter 3 Solutions
Chemistry
Ch. 3.1 - Practice ProblemATTEMPT Calculate the molecular or...Ch. 3.1 - Practice Problem BUILD
Calculate the molecular or...Ch. 3.1 - Practice ProblemCONCEPTUALIZE Some...Ch. 3.1 - What is the molecular mass of citric acid ( H 3 C...Ch. 3.1 - 3.1.2 What is the formula mass of calcium citrate...Ch. 3.2 - Practice Problem ATTEMPT
Determine the percent...Ch. 3.2 - Practice Problem BUILD
Determine the simplest...Ch. 3.2 - Practice Problem CONCEPTUALIZE
Determine the...Ch. 3.2 - 3.2.1 What is the percent composition by mass of...Ch. 3.2 - What is the percent composition by mass of sodium...
Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 1PPACh. 3.3 - Practice Problem BUILD
Write and balance the...Ch. 3.3 - Practice ProblemCONCEPTUALIZE Write a balanced...Ch. 3.3 - What are the stoichiometric coefficients in the...Ch. 3.3 - 3.3.2 Which chemical equation represents the...Ch. 3.3 - 3.3.3 Which is the correctly balanced form of the...Ch. 3.3 - 3.3.4 Carbon monoxide reacts with oxygen to...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 1PPACh. 3.4 - Practice Problem BUILD
Write and balance the...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 3.4 - How many molecules are in 30 .1 g of sulfur...Ch. 3.4 - How many moles of hydrogen are there in 6 .50 g of...Ch. 3.4 - 3.4.3 Determine the empirical formula of a...Ch. 3.4 - Determine the empirical formula of a compound that...Ch. 3.5 - Practice ProblemATTEMPT Potassium is the second...Ch. 3.5 - Practice Problem BUILD
Calculate (a) the number...Ch. 3.5 - Practice Problem CONCEPTUALIZE
These diagrams show...Ch. 3.5 - What is the empirical formula of a compound...Ch. 3.5 - 3.5.2 What are the empirical and molecular...Ch. 3.5 - 3.5.3 Determine the masses of and produced by...Ch. 3.5 - How is it possible for the combined masses of CO 2...Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 1PPACh. 3.6 - Practice Problem BUILD
(a) Determine the mass of...Ch. 3.6 - Practice ProblemCONCEPTUALIZE Plain doughnuts from...Ch. 3.6 - 3.6.1 How many moles of will be produced if Li...Ch. 3.6 - 3.6.2 Determine the stoichiometric amount (in...Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 1PPACh. 3.7 - Practice ProblemBUILD (a) Determine the number of...Ch. 3.7 - Practice ProblemCONCEPTUALIZE A particular...Ch. 3.7 - 3.7.1 What mass of is produced according to the...Ch. 3.7 - 3.7.2 What is the percent yield for a process in...Ch. 3.7 - How many moles of NH 3 can be produced by the...Ch. 3.7 - What mass of water is produced by the reaction of...Ch. 3.7 - Reactants A (red) and B (blue) combine to form a...Ch. 3.7 - Which of the following represents the contents of...Ch. 3.8 - Practice ProblemATTEMPT Determine the empirical...Ch. 3.8 - Practice ProblemBUILD Determine the empirical...Ch. 3.8 - Practice ProblemCONCEPTUALIZE What is the smallest...Ch. 3.9 - Practice ProblemATTEMPT The combustion of a 28...Ch. 3.9 - Practice ProblemBUILD Determine the mass of CO 2...Ch. 3.9 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 3.10 - Prob. 1PPACh. 3.10 - Prob. 1PPBCh. 3.10 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 3.11 - Practice ProblemATTEMPT Calculate the mass of...Ch. 3.11 - Practice Problem BUILD
What mass of glucose must...Ch. 3.11 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 3.12 - Prob. 1PPACh. 3.12 - Prob. 1PPBCh. 3.12 - Practice ProblemCONCEPTUALIZE The diagrams show a...Ch. 3.13 - Prob. 1PPACh. 3.13 - Practice Problem BUILD
What mass of ether will be...Ch. 3.13 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 3.14 - Prob. 1PPACh. 3.14 - Practice Problem BUILD
Using the chemical species...Ch. 3.14 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 3 - 3.1
Calculate the mass of water produced in the...Ch. 3 - 3.2
How much can be produced?
(a)
350.0...Ch. 3 - 3.3
How much can be produced?
(a)
91.51...Ch. 3 - 3.4
How much of the excess reactant remains when...Ch. 3 - What is meant by the term molecular mass, and why...Ch. 3 - Explain the difference between the terms molecular...Ch. 3 - Calculate the molecular mass (in amu) of each of...Ch. 3 - Calculate the molecular mass (in amu) of each of...Ch. 3 - Calculate the molecular mass or formula mass (in...Ch. 3 - 3.6 Calculate the molecular mass or formula mass...Ch. 3 - 3.7 Use ammonia to explain what is meant by the...Ch. 3 - 3.8 Describe how the knowledge of the percent...Ch. 3 - Tin (Sn) exists in Earth's crust as SnO 2 ....Ch. 3 - 3.10 For many years, chloroform was used as an...Ch. 3 - All the substances listed here are fertilizers...Ch. 3 - Limonene. shown here, is a by-product of the...Ch. 3 - 3.13 Tooth enamel is . Calculate the percent...Ch. 3 - A four-pack of Red Bull Energy Drink consists of...Ch. 3 - 3.15 A “variety pack" of ramen noodles consists of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 16QPCh. 3 - Prob. 17QPCh. 3 - 3.18 Why must a chemical equation be balanced?...Ch. 3 - Prob. 19QPCh. 3 - Write an unbalanced equation to represent each of...Ch. 3 - Write an unbalanced equation to represent each of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 22QPCh. 3 - For each of the following unbalanced chemical...Ch. 3 - Prob. 24QPCh. 3 - Prob. 25QPCh. 3 - Which of the following equations best represents...Ch. 3 - Prob. 27QPCh. 3 - Define the term mole. What is the unit for mole in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 29QPCh. 3 - Prob. 30QPCh. 3 - If we know the empirical formula of a compound,...Ch. 3 - Prob. 32QPCh. 3 - The thickness of a piece of paper is 0.0036 in....Ch. 3 - Prob. 34QPCh. 3 - Prob. 35QPCh. 3 - Prob. 36QPCh. 3 - How many grams of gold ( Au ) are there in 15.3...Ch. 3 - Prob. 38QPCh. 3 - Prob. 39QPCh. 3 - 3.40 What is the mass in grams of lead atoms?
Ch. 3 - Prob. 41QPCh. 3 - Prob. 42QPCh. 3 - Which of the following has a greater mass: two...Ch. 3 - Prob. 44QPCh. 3 - Prob. 45QPCh. 3 - Prob. 46QPCh. 3 - Prob. 47QPCh. 3 - Prob. 48QPCh. 3 - Prob. 49QPCh. 3 - Prob. 50QPCh. 3 - Prob. 51QPCh. 3 - Prob. 52QPCh. 3 - Prob. 53QPCh. 3 - Prob. 54QPCh. 3 - Prob. 55QPCh. 3 - Prob. 56QPCh. 3 - Prob. 57QPCh. 3 - Prob. 58QPCh. 3 - In response to invasion by a microorganism, the...Ch. 3 - Researchers recently reported that the compound in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 61QPCh. 3 - Prob. 62QPCh. 3 - 3.63 Menthol is a flavoring agent extracted from...Ch. 3 - 3.64 Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) contains C, H, and...Ch. 3 - The amino acid cysteine plays an important role in...Ch. 3 - 3.66 The diagram shows the products of a...Ch. 3 - 3.67 Which of the following diagrams could...Ch. 3 - 3.68 On what law is stoichiometry based? Why is it...Ch. 3 - Prob. 69QPCh. 3 - Prob. 70QPCh. 3 - Prob. 71QPCh. 3 - Prob. 72QPCh. 3 - Prob. 73QPCh. 3 - Prob. 74QPCh. 3 - 3.75 When baking soda (sodium bicarbonate or...Ch. 3 - Prob. 76QPCh. 3 - Prob. 77QPCh. 3 - Prob. 78QPCh. 3 - Prob. 79QPCh. 3 - Prob. 80QPCh. 3 - Prob. 81QPCh. 3 - Prob. 82QPCh. 3 - Prob. 83QPCh. 3 - Prob. 84QPCh. 3 - Prob. 85QPCh. 3 - Prob. 86QPCh. 3 - Prob. 87QPCh. 3 - Prob. 88QPCh. 3 - Prob. 89QPCh. 3 - Prob. 90QPCh. 3 - Prob. 91QPCh. 3 - Prob. 92QPCh. 3 - 3.93 When combined, aqueous solutions of sulfuric...Ch. 3 - Prob. 94QPCh. 3 - Nitroglycerin ( C 3 H 5 N 3 O 9 ) is a powerful...Ch. 3 - Prob. 96QPCh. 3 - Prob. 97QPCh. 3 - Prob. 98QPCh. 3 - Prob. 99QPCh. 3 - Prob. 100QPCh. 3 - Prob. 101QPCh. 3 - Prob. 102QPCh. 3 - Consider the reaction N 2 +3H 2 → 2NH 3 Assuming...Ch. 3 - 3.104 Determine whether each of the following...Ch. 3 - Prob. 105QPCh. 3 - Prob. 106APCh. 3 - Prob. 107APCh. 3 - Prob. 108APCh. 3 - Prob. 109APCh. 3 - Prob. 110APCh. 3 - Prob. 111APCh. 3 - 3.112 The carat is the unit of mass used by...Ch. 3 - An iron bar weighed 664 g. After the bar had been...Ch. 3 - Prob. 114APCh. 3 - Suppose you are given a cube made of magnesium...Ch. 3 - Prob. 116APCh. 3 - Prob. 117APCh. 3 - Prob. 118APCh. 3 - Calculate the number of cations and anions in each...Ch. 3 - Prob. 120APCh. 3 - 3.121 Avogadro’s number has sometimes been...Ch. 3 - Prob. 122APCh. 3 - In the formation of carbon monoxide. CO, it is...Ch. 3 - Prob. 124APCh. 3 - Prob. 125APCh. 3 - A compound made up of C, H, and Cl contains 55.0...Ch. 3 - Prob. 127APCh. 3 - Prob. 128APCh. 3 - Prob. 129APCh. 3 - Prob. 130APCh. 3 - Prob. 131APCh. 3 - 3.132 A mixture of methane and ethane of mass...Ch. 3 - Prob. 133APCh. 3 - A die has an edge length of 1.5 cm. (a) What is...Ch. 3 - Prob. 135APCh. 3 - Prob. 136APCh. 3 - A sample containing NaCl, Na 2 SO 4 , and NaNO 3...Ch. 3 - Prob. 138APCh. 3 - Prob. 139APCh. 3 - Prob. 140APCh. 3 - An impure sample of zinc (Zn) is treated with an...Ch. 3 - One of the reactions that occurs in a blast...Ch. 3 - Prob. 143APCh. 3 - Prob. 144APCh. 3 - Prob. 145APCh. 3 - 3.146 Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid is...Ch. 3 - Prob. 147APCh. 3 - Prob. 148APCh. 3 - Lysine, an essential amino acid in the human body,...Ch. 3 - Prob. 150APCh. 3 - Prob. 151APCh. 3 - Prob. 152APCh. 3 - Prob. 153APCh. 3 - Cysteine, shown here, is one of the 20 amino acids...Ch. 3 - Prob. 155APCh. 3 - Carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) is the gas that is mainly...Ch. 3 - Prob. 157APCh. 3 - Prob. 158APCh. 3 - Prob. 159APCh. 3 - Prob. 160APCh. 3 - 3.161 Potash is any potassium mineral that is used...Ch. 3 - Prob. 162APCh. 3 - Prob. 163APCh. 3 - Prob. 164APCh. 3 - Prob. 1SEPPCh. 3 - Prob. 2SEPPCh. 3 - Prob. 3SEPPCh. 3 - Prob. 4SEPP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Chlorine exists mainly as two isotopes, 37Cl and 33Cl. Which is more abundant? How do you know?arrow_forwardThe present average concentration (mass percent) of magnesium ions in seawater is 0.13%. A chemistry textbook estimates that if 1.00 × 108 tons Mg were taken out of the sea each year, it would take one million years for the Mg concentration to drop to 0.12%. Do sufficient calculations to either verify or refute this statement. Assume that Earth is a sphere with a diameter of 8000 mi, 67% of which is covered by oceans to a depth of 1 mi, and that no Mg is washed back into the oceans at any time.arrow_forwardThe age of the universe is unknown, but some conclude from measuring Hubbles constant that the age is about 18 billion years old, which is about four times the age of Earth. If so, calculate the age of the universe in seconds. If you had a sample of carbon with the same number of carbon atoms as there have been seconds since the universe began, determine whether you could measure this sample on a laboratory balance that can detect masses as small as 0.1 mg.arrow_forward
- Chalky, white crystals in mineral collections are often labeled borax, which has the molecular formula Na2B4O7 10H2O, when actually they are partially dehydrated samples with the molecular formula Na2B4O7 5H2O, which is more stable under the storage conditions. Real crystals of borax are colorless and transparent. (a) Calculate the percent mass that the mineral has lost when it partially dehydrates. (b) Is the percent boron by mass the same in both compounds?arrow_forwardAtomic masses are relative masses. What does this mean?arrow_forwardA 0.500 g sample of tin foil reacted with oxygen to give 0.635 g of product. (a) What is the empirical formula of the tin oxide? (b) What is the percent by mass of tin and the percent by mass of oxygen in the sample?arrow_forward
- A student weighs a sample of carbon on a balance that is accurate to 0.001 g. (a) How many atoms are in 0.001 g of C?(b) The carbon is used in the following reaction: Pb₃O₄(s) +C(s)→3PbO(s) +CO(g) What mass difference in the lead(II) oxide would be caused by an error in the carbon mass of 0.001 g?arrow_forwardObtain an estimate for the number of atoms in the universe. Make the following assumptions: (a) All of the atoms in the universe are hydrogen atoms in stars. (This is not a ridiculous assumption because over threefourths of the atoms in the universe are in fact hydrogen. Gas and dust between the stars represent only about 15% of the visible matter of our galaxy, and planets compose a far smaller fraction.) (b) The sun is a typical star composed of pure hydrogen with a density of 1.4 g/cm^3 and a radius of 7x10^8 m. (c) Each of the roughly 100 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy contains the same number of atoms as our sun. (d) Each of the 10 billion galaxies in the visible universe contains the same number of atoms as our Milky Way galaxy.arrow_forwardBoron, atomic number 5, occurs naturally as two isotopes, 10B and 11B, with natural abundances of 19.9% and 80.1%, respectively. (a) Will the mass percentage of F be the same in 10BF3 and 11BF3? If not, why is that the case?arrow_forward
- The radius of an atom of gold (Au) is about 1.35 Å. (a) Express this distance in nanometers (nm) and in picometers (pm) (b) How many gold atoms would have to be lined up to span 1.0 mm? (c) If the atom is assumed to be a sphere, what is the volume in cm3 of a single Au atom?arrow_forwardCalculate (a) the number of atoms in 1.05 × 10−6 mole of helium and (b) the number of moles of helium that contains 2.33 × 1021 atoms.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStaxChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399074
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079243
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
Chemistry
ISBN:9781938168390
Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
Publisher:OpenStax
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Chemistry
ISBN:9780534420123
Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Step by Step Stoichiometry Practice Problems | How to Pass ChemistryMole Conversions Made Easy: How to Convert Between Grams and Moles; Author: Ketzbook;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b2raanVWU6c;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY