CAMPBEL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780136538820
Author: Taylor
Publisher: INTER PEAR
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Chapter 29, Problem 8TYK
Summary Introduction
To describe: The adaption of an individual when the individual first sit down to read in a coffee shop, the surroundings seem very loud. Yet after a few minutes reading you realize you hardly notice the noise at all.
Introduction: Sensory receptors are sensitive against the stimulus they are receiving from the environment. Sensory receptors respond to the change in stimulus, but if the stimulus is present in the surrounding at a constant rate they generate the adaption in responsiveness according to stimulus.
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Your friend had a severe infection in the cochlea, which caused deafness. The
scarring from the infection prevents movement of the basilar membrane of the organ
of Corti. In response to a sound, you would predict that:
The tympanic membrane would not vibrate
The tympanic membrane would vibrate but the three bones in the middle ear
would not move
The three bones in the middle ear would move, but the cochlear fluid would not
have any waves
The cochlear fluid would have waves, but the hair cells would not bend
The hair cells would bend, but no receptor potential would be created
A 33-year-old, right-handed roller derby skater comes to you complaining of periodic attacks of
tinnitus ("ringing" or "buzzing") in her left ear and vertigo (the sensation that she and her
surroundings are moving relative to one another, when she is standing or sitting still). She says these
attacks have been becoming more frequent over the past year or so and that now, between attacks,
she feels as though she can't hear as well with her left ear as she can with her right. Your
examination reveals that the auditory threshold is indeed elevated in her left ear, whether you use air
conduction or bone conduction. You also notice that touching either cornea with a wisp of cotton
causes her right eye to blink briskly and her left eye to blink somewhat sluggishly. Then you notice
that she seems to have a somewhat asymmetrical smile: The right side of her face moves more than
the left. Which of the following best accounts for this patient's list of problems?
Damage to the left…
When a person blinks, the part of the brain that interprets visual stimulation is suppressed. The spontaneous act of blinking is controlled by the area of the brain that controls involuntary movements such as breathing and blood pressure. To determine whether the lack of light or the act of blinking causes the suppression, scientists had subjects close their eyes and then placed a bright flashing light in their mouth to stimulate the photoreceptors in the eyes through the palate. Visual stimulation was still suppressed. So the photoreceptors in the retina were not stimulated even though they were exposed to light. This study demonstrated that when a person blinks, it is the act of blinking and not the absence of light that causes the suppression of visual stimulation.
In the diagram above, identify the part of the brain that is suppressed during blinking and the part of the brain that controls involuntary, spontaneous blinking.
Select one:
a. 3 and 8
b. 2 and 9
c. 5 and 6
d. 1…
Chapter 29 Solutions
CAMPBEL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS
Ch. 29 - Prob. 1CCCh. 29 - Which of the following sensory receptors is...Ch. 29 - Which of the following are not known to be present...Ch. 29 - What do the receptor cells in the lateral line...Ch. 29 - If you look away from this book and focus your...Ch. 29 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 29 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 29 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 29 - Hold your right eye closed. With your left eye,...Ch. 29 - Construct a graph in which membrane potential is...
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- Why can’t you hear these sounds when you press the stethoscope against your neck or leg?arrow_forwardWhile attending The Killers concert in Oakland your ears are exposed to very loud music. Which of the following statements is true regarding what probably happened during the loud concert? The fluid in your cochlea was in constant motion The amplitude of the sound waves was small Your tectorial membrane was stationary Your stapes was standing stillarrow_forwardInside a recital hall a musician plays a well-known song from the guitar repertoire, to the delight of audience members. A C-major chord is played. Subsequently, the corresponding sound wave, consisting of frequencies 130.8 Hz, 164.8 Hz, and 196 Hz, arrives at a listeners eardrum. Describe what subsequently takes place in the middle ear and in the inner ear (on the Basilian membrane) before the nervous system begins processing the stimulus.arrow_forward
- Fill in the blanks with the correct terms: Pitch corresponds best to the physical quality ___________ and loudness corresponds best to the physical quality ___________. __________ is the quality that differentiates sounds with the same perceived pitch, loudness, and duration. In general, humans can hear sounds between _____ Hz and _____ Hz, and they are most sensitive to sound between _____ Hz and _____ Hz. A _____ dB sound is perceived as twice as loud as a 20 dB sound. A _____ dB sound has an amplitude ten times greater than a 20 dB sound. A ______ periodic tone is made up of many ______ periodic tones called harmonics.arrow_forwardIt is harder to know a sound's location with your eyes closed when it is either directly in front of you or directly behind. What explains this phenomenon? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a b с d e The ability to find the source of the sound is dependent on vision. The ability to find the source of the sound is dependent on the differences in volume in both ears. The ability to find the source of the sound is dependent on the time it takes to reach each ear. A, B, and C are correct. B and C are correct. X Your answerarrow_forwardYou are experiencing some hearing loss. You don’t work with loud machinery or go to loud concerts. But, you do work in a busy smoothie bar, so have regular exposure to a loud blender. The ear doctor tells you that although blenders are only moderately loud, frequent exposure to sound levels greater than _______ (like the blender) has most likely caused damage to the cochlear hairs that produce those sounds. 75 dB 95 dB 125 dB 150 dB 175dBarrow_forward
- Milo and Garfield are two friends who have acquired hearing loss, but the cause of hearing loss in Milo is different from that in Garfield. Milo has a conductive hearing loss. He can hear, but not clearly and loudly. The doctor has told Milo that calcium has built up on the bones in his middle ear interfering with their movements. Garfield has neural hearing loss. The doctor has told Garfield that he cannot hear because the auditory nerve cannot transmit electrical impulses from receptors in his inner ear to his brain. By completing the following tasks, help Milo and Garfield understand how their ear works and why they have difficulty hearing sounds. E. Draw and label a diagram showing the position of the bones in the middle ear. F. Explain the function of the bonesinconducting sound. G. Draw and label a diagram showing the inner ear, the position of receptors and the auditory nerve.arrow_forwardCreate a list of two external and two internal factors that hinder your ability to hear clearly.arrow_forwardFigure 36.14 Cochlear implants can restore hearing in people who have a nonfunctional cochlea The implant consists of a microphone that picks up sound. A speech processor selects sounds in the range of human speech, and a transmitter converts these sounds to electrical impulses, which are then sent to the auditory nerve. Which of the following types of hearing loss would not be restored by a cochlear implant? Hearing loss resulting from absence or loss of hair cells in the organ of Corti. Hearing loss resulting from an abnormal auditory nerve. Hearing loss resulting from fracture of the cochlea. Hearing loss resulting from damage to bones of the middle ear.arrow_forward
- Occupational Hearing Loss Frequent exposure to loud noise of a particular pitch can cause loss of hair cells in the part of the cochlea that responds to that pitch. People who work with or around noisy machinery are at risk for such frequency-specific hearing loss. Taking precautions such as using ear plugs to reduce sound exposure is important. Noise-induced hearing loss can be prevented, but once it occurs it is irreversible because dead or damaged hair cells are not replaced. FIGURE 33.24 shows the threshold decibel levels at which sounds of different frequencies can be detected by an average 25-year-old carpenter, a 50-year-old carpenter, and a 50-year-old who has not been exposed to on-the-job noise. Sound frequencies are given in hertz (cycles per second), The more cycles per second, the higher the pitch. FIGURE 33.24 Effects of age aria occupational noise exposure. The graph shows the threshold hearing capacities fin decibels) for sounds of different frequencies (given in hertz) in a 25-year-okj carpenter (blue). a 50-year-old carpenter (red), arid a 50-year-ofd who did not have any on-the-job noise exposure (brown). 1. Which sound frequency was most easily detected by all three people?arrow_forwardOne of the mechanisms that the auditory system uses to localize sound is referred to as interaural time difference (ITD). Where in the brain does this takes place and explain how this mechanism would enable you to localize a sound coming from your left side.arrow_forwardGrandpa can't ever seem to hear what his little granddaughters say. He also can't hear that high-pitched whine in the Subaru engine that everyone else seems to hear. You suspect that grandpa has too much ear wax built up in his external auditory canal, and therefore has developed conduction deafness has damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve has damaged either the utricle or the saccule, though it will be hard to tell which one without further testing has damaged the hair cells closest to the oval window has "selective" hearing loss, because the granddaughters are always trying to get him to play with them when he's tired, and he doesn't want to work on that darned car anymore either.arrow_forward
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