Conceptual Integrated Science
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135197394
Author: Hewitt, Paul G., LYONS, Suzanne, (science Teacher), Suchocki, John, Yeh, Jennifer (jennifer Jean)
Publisher: PEARSON EDUCATION (COLLEGE)
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 29, Problem 57TE
To determine
The reason that the energy of a protostar differ from the energy that powers a star.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
QUESTION 16
Use the figure shown below to complete the following statement: A low-mass protostar (0.5 to 8M the mass compared to our sun) remains roughly constant in
decreases in
until it makes a turn towards the main sequence, as it follows its evolutionary track.
Protostars of different masses follow diferent
paths on their way to the main sequence.
107
Luminosity (L)
10
105
10
107
10²
101
1
10-1
10-2
10-3
Spectral
type
0.01 R
0.001
Re
60 M
MAIN SEQUENCE
40,000 30,000
20 Mau
10 Mgun
5 Mun
0.1 Run
Ren
radius; temperature
luminosity; radius
3 Min.
05 BO
temperature; luminosity
Oluminosity: temperature
radius: luminosity
1 M
10,000 6000
Surlace temperature (K)
1,000 Rs
2 M STAR
L
0.8 M
B5 AO FOGO КБ МБ
-10
+10
3000
Absolute visual magnitude
and
Chapter 29 Solutions
Conceptual Integrated Science
Ch. 29 - Why does an observer at a given location see one...Ch. 29 - Prob. 2RCCCh. 29 - Is the light-year a measurement of time or...Ch. 29 - Prob. 4RCCCh. 29 - Prob. 5RCCCh. 29 - What is an H-R diagram?Ch. 29 - Prob. 7RCCCh. 29 - Prob. 8RCCCh. 29 - Prob. 9RCCCh. 29 - Prob. 10RCC
Ch. 29 - Prob. 11RCCCh. 29 - Prob. 12RCCCh. 29 - Why don't we think the Sun will eventually become...Ch. 29 - If black holes are invisible, what is the evidence...Ch. 29 - What type of galaxy is the Milky Way?Ch. 29 - What is a starburst galaxy?Ch. 29 - How many spiral galaxies are in our Local Group?Ch. 29 - Is the universe in space, or is space in the...Ch. 29 - Prob. 19RCCCh. 29 - What is the approximate age of the universe?Ch. 29 - If we cant see dark matter, how do we know it is...Ch. 29 - What does WMAP stand for?Ch. 29 - Which is more abundantdark matter or ordinary...Ch. 29 - Why is the Drake equation limited to our galaxy?Ch. 29 - Which variable within the Drake equation make the...Ch. 29 - Prob. 28TCCh. 29 - Prob. 29TCCh. 29 - Prob. 30TCCh. 29 - Prob. 31TCCh. 29 - Rank the nuclear fuels in order of being consumed,...Ch. 29 - Rank in order of increasing size: a solar system,...Ch. 29 - Rank these elements in order of increasing...Ch. 29 - Rank the following in order of increasing...Ch. 29 - Prob. 36TSCh. 29 - If you were to travel straight up from the core of...Ch. 29 - Prob. 38TSCh. 29 - Prob. 39TSCh. 29 - Prob. 40TSCh. 29 - When can winter constellations be seen in the...Ch. 29 - Prob. 42TECh. 29 - On the Moon, stars other than the Sun can be seen...Ch. 29 - We see the constellations as distinct groups of...Ch. 29 - Distinguish between the daily and intrinsic motion...Ch. 29 - Which moves faster from horizon to horizon: the...Ch. 29 - Prob. 47TECh. 29 - Why does the Big Dipper change its position in the...Ch. 29 - Prob. 49TECh. 29 - Prob. 50TECh. 29 - Prob. 51TECh. 29 - Prob. 52TECh. 29 - Why dont we see the ultraviolet color of stars?Ch. 29 - Does a blue star contain yellow light?Ch. 29 - Does a yellow star contain blue light?Ch. 29 - Prob. 56TECh. 29 - Prob. 57TECh. 29 - Prob. 58TECh. 29 - Prob. 59TECh. 29 - Prob. 60TECh. 29 - Prob. 61TECh. 29 - Prob. 62TECh. 29 - Prob. 63TECh. 29 - Prob. 64TECh. 29 - Prob. 65TECh. 29 - Prob. 66TECh. 29 - Prob. 67TECh. 29 - Prob. 68TECh. 29 - Prob. 69TECh. 29 - Prob. 70TECh. 29 - Prob. 71TECh. 29 - Prob. 72TECh. 29 - Prob. 73TECh. 29 - Prob. 74TECh. 29 - Prob. 75TECh. 29 - Prob. 76TECh. 29 - Prob. 77TECh. 29 - Prob. 78TECh. 29 - What happens to a light beam bouncing between two...Ch. 29 - Prob. 80TECh. 29 - Prob. 81TECh. 29 - Prob. 82TECh. 29 - Prob. 83TECh. 29 - Prob. 84TECh. 29 - Are there other galaxies other than the Milky Way...Ch. 29 - Prob. 86TECh. 29 - Draw an analogy between a galaxy and a forest.Ch. 29 - Draw an analogy between a galaxy and a swarm of...Ch. 29 - How would finding microbial nonterrestrial life on...Ch. 29 - Prob. 90TECh. 29 - What is SETI? Was it a mistake for Congress to cut...Ch. 29 - Prob. 92TECh. 29 - Where did the Big Bang occur?Ch. 29 - When was most of the helium in the universe...Ch. 29 - What does the expansion of space do to light...Ch. 29 - A police officer pulls you over for speeding. He...Ch. 29 - If the universe remained hotter for a longer...Ch. 29 - No galaxy found so far is made of less than 25...Ch. 29 - Are astronomers able to point their telescopes in...Ch. 29 - A helium balloon here on Earth pops, releasing...Ch. 29 - Prob. 101TECh. 29 - Prob. 102TECh. 29 - Early astronomers such as Kepler and Newton...Ch. 29 - What force allows dark matter to clump?Ch. 29 - Why doesn't dark matter clump together as...Ch. 29 - If dark matter is affected by gravity, might there...Ch. 29 - What is one important difference between dark...Ch. 29 - The y-axis in the largest graph for Figure 29.47...Ch. 29 - Prob. 109TECh. 29 - Prob. 110TECh. 29 - Compare and contrast astronomy and astrology.Ch. 29 - Project what human civilization would be like if...Ch. 29 - Why is it important to have a science-based...Ch. 29 - Compare and contrast the Big Bang with a black...Ch. 29 - Prob. 115TDICh. 29 - Summer and winter constellations are different...Ch. 29 - Prob. 2RATCh. 29 - Prob. 3RATCh. 29 - Prob. 4RATCh. 29 - Prob. 5RATCh. 29 - Prob. 6RATCh. 29 - Prob. 7RATCh. 29 - Scientists estimate the age of our universe to be...Ch. 29 - Which of the following is not accepted evidence...Ch. 29 - Prob. 10RAT
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Are supergiant stars also extremely massive? Explain the reasoning behind your answer.arrow_forwardAccording to the text, a star must be hotter than about 25,000 K to produce an H II region. Both the hottest white dwarfs and main-sequence O stars have temperatures hotter than 25,000 K. Which type of star can ionize more hydrogen? Why?arrow_forwardLook at the four stages shown in Figure 21.8. In which stage(s) can we see the star in visible light? In infrared radiation? Figure 21.8 Formation of a Star. (a) Dense cores form within a molecular cloud. (b) A protostar with a surrounding disk of material forms at the center of a dense core, accumulating additional material from the molecular cloud through gravitational attraction. (c) A stellar wind breaks out but is confined by the disk to flow out along the two poles of the star. (d) Eventually, this wind sweeps away the cloud material and halts the accumulation of additional material, and a newly formed star, surrounded by a disk, becomes observable. These sketches are not drawn to the same scale. The diameter of a typical envelope that is supplying gas to the newly forming star is about 5000 AU. The typical diameter of the disk is about 100 AU or slightly larger than the diameter of the orbit of Pluto.arrow_forward
- Is the Sun on the zero-age main sequence? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardThe text says a star does not change its mass very much during the course of its main-sequence lifetime. While it is on the main sequence, a star converts about 10% of the hydrogen initially present into helium (remember it’s only the core of the star that is hot enough for fusion). Look in earlier chapters to find out what percentage of the hydrogen mass involved in fusion is lost because it is converted to energy. By how much does the mass of the whole star change as a result of fusion? Were we correct to say that the mass of a star does not change significantly while it is on the main sequence?arrow_forwardIf you were to compare three stars with the same surface temperature, with one star being a giant, another a supergiant, and the third a main-sequence star, how would their radii compare to one another?arrow_forward
- In which of these star groups would you mostly likely find the least heavy-element abundance for the stars within them: open clusters, globular clusters, or associations?arrow_forwardTwo protostars, one 10 times the mass of the Sun and one half the mass of the Sun are born at the same time in a molecular cloud. Which one will be first to reach the main sequence stage, where it is stable and getting energy from fusion?arrow_forwardOn which edge of the main sequence band on an HR diagram would the zero-age main sequence be?arrow_forward
- How do the two types of supernovae discussed in this chapter differ? What kind of star gives rise to each type?arrow_forwardIf a 100 solar mass star were to have a luminosity of 107 times the Sun’s luminosity, how would such a star’s density compare when it is on the main sequence as an O-type star, and when it is a cool supergiant (M-type)? Use values of temperature from Figure 18.14 or Figure 18.15 and the relationship between luminosity, radius, and temperature as given in Exercise 18.47. Figure 18.15 Schematic HR Diagram for Many Stars. Ninety percent of all stars on such a diagram fall along a narrow band called the main sequence. A minority of stars are found in the upper right; they are both cool (and hence red) and bright, and must be giants. Some stars fall in the lower left of the diagram; they are both hot and dim, and must be white dwarfs. Figure 18.14 HR Diagram for a Selected Sample of Stars. In such diagrams, luminosity is plotted along the vertical axis. Along the horizontal axis, we can plot either temperature or spectral type (also sometimes called spectral class). Several of the brightest stars are identified by name. Most stars fall on the main sequence.arrow_forwardYou can use the equation in Exercise 22.34 to estimate the approximate ages of the clusters in Figure 22.10, Figure 22.12, and Figure 22.13. Use the information in the figures to determine the luminosity of the most massive star still on the main sequence. Now use the data in Table 18.3 to estimate the mass of this star. Then calculate the age of the cluster. This method is similar to the procedure used by astronomers to obtain the ages of clusters, except that they use actual data and model calculations rather than simply making estimates from a drawing. How do your ages compare with the ages in the text? Figure 22.10 NGC 2264 HR Diagram. Compare this HR diagram to that in Figure 22.8; although the points scatter a bit more here, the theoretical and observational diagrams are remarkably, and satisfyingly, similar. Figure 22.12 Cluster M41. (a) Cluster M41 is older than NGC 2264 (see Figure 22.10) and contains several red giants. Some of its more massive stars are no longer close to the zero-age main sequence (red line). (b) This ground-based photograph shows the open cluster M41. Note that it contains several orange-color stars. These are stars that have exhausted hydrogen in their centers, and have swelled up to become red giants. (credit b: modification of work by NOAO/AURA/NSF) Figure 22.13 HR Diagram for an Older Cluster. We see the HR diagram for a hypothetical older cluster at an age of 4.24 billion years. Note that most of the stars on the upper part of the main sequence have turned off toward the red-giant region. And the most massive stars in the cluster have already died and are no longer on the diagram. Characteristics of Main-Sequence Starsarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Stars and Galaxies (MindTap Course List)PhysicsISBN:9781337399944Author:Michael A. SeedsPublisher:Cengage Learning
AstronomyPhysicsISBN:9781938168284Author:Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. WolffPublisher:OpenStax
Foundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)PhysicsISBN:9781337399920Author:Michael A. Seeds, Dana BackmanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Stars and GalaxiesPhysicsISBN:9781305120785Author:Michael A. Seeds, Dana BackmanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Stars and Galaxies (MindTap Course List)
Physics
ISBN:9781337399944
Author:Michael A. Seeds
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Astronomy
Physics
ISBN:9781938168284
Author:Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher:OpenStax
Foundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)
Physics
ISBN:9781337399920
Author:Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Stars and Galaxies
Physics
ISBN:9781305120785
Author:Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher:Cengage Learning