Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 29, Problem 2COQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: The uses of
Introduction: Microscopic, branched filaments, which are known as hyphae, form a distinctive body of fungi known as mycelium. Fungi are eukaryotic in nature. They have both, disease-causing as well as disease curing species. Mushrooms are one of the most common examples of fungi. Fungi can either be microscopic or macroscopic.
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- You have been asked to consult for a biotech company that is seeking to understand why some fungi can live in very extreme environments, such as the high temperatures inside naturally occurring hot springs. The company has isolated two different fungal species, F. cattoriae and W. gravinius, both of which can grow at temperatures exceeding 95°C. The company has determined the following things about these fungal species (see attached image) By sequencing and examining their genomes, the biotech company hopes to understand why these species can live in extreme environments. However, the company only has the resources to sequence one genome, and would like your input as to which species should be sequenced and whether you believe a shotgun strategy will work in this case.arrow_forwardMany plants have networks of mycorrhizal fungi around their roots. The fungi provide minerals to the plant and in turn receive sugars from the plantIdentify the type of ecological interaction between plants and mycorrhizal fungi paraditism competition commensalism mutualismarrow_forwardRead these two statements about plant-fungal interactions, then pick the statement below that is TRUE. (A) Root fungi in phylum Ascomycota can cause plants to produce antioxidants that provide protection against the stress of drought, and plants feed carbon to the fungi in their roots. (B) Root fungi and plants have evolved mutual benefits through a long history of interaction, in which fungi that provided the greatest benefits to plants had the highest fitness because of the carbon the plants fed them, and plants that supported fungi had the highest fitness because of the protection provided by the fungi. (A) is a proximate cause for plant-fungal symbiosis, whereas (B) is an ultimate cause. O (A) is an ultimate cause for plant-fungal symbiosis, whereas (B) is a proximate cause. Understanding plant-fungal interactions would NOT require cost-benefit analysis because there are no fitness trade-offs. (A) is an innate behavior and (B) is a learned behavior. O O O Oarrow_forward
- Mycorrhizae Select one: A. Help plants gather solar energy. B. Help plants gather organic nutrients. C. Are a type of lichen. D. Are mutualistic relationships.arrow_forwardEcologists often attempt to introduce new plants to restore degraded land. In an arid climate, scientists recommend introducing plants with arbuscular mycorrhizae. How would the mycorrhizae increase the plants’ survival compared to plants without mycorrhizae?arrow_forwardCompare and Contrast a Chlorophyll lacking plant (Ghost Pipes, Albino Redwood, etc.) to fungi.arrow_forward
- Which of the following explains why pea plants in high soil nitrogen conditions have so few rhizobial nodules on their roots? When there is already high soil nitrogen there is a very large cost to having rhizobial nodules. The rhizobia bacteria in the nodules fix nitrogen when there isn't enough in the soil, so when there is already high soil nitrogen there is no advantage for the pea plant to expend the extra energy housing the rhizobia. The rhizobia bacteria in the nodules use nitrogen when there isn't enough in the soil, so in conditions of high soil nitrogen the plant tries to exclude the rhizobia to keep the nitrogen for itself. When there is already high soil nitrogen there is no benefit to the plant to having rhizobial nodules, which can rob the plant of the high nitrogen supplies so that the rhizobia bacteria do not have to fix the nitrogen themselves.arrow_forwardAssume you have an invasive fungus species growing in your backyard and you want to get rid of it. You decide to remove them from the ground by hand and dispose them in a corner because they will die off anyways. Few days later, you see even more fungi growing where you remove the original fungus. Why do you think that happened?arrow_forwardHow can we preserve and conserve our forests to protect fungi?arrow_forward
- Describe the ecological consequences that would occur if humans destroy all the fungi on Earth using a deadly fungicide.arrow_forwardResearchers determined that Dawsonia moss acts as a physical buffer that reduces water's ability to erode the soil and carry away its nitrogen. They are now interested in determining whether the moss must be alive to prevent nitrogen loss, or do dead moss have the same effect? Arrange the following steps in the correct sequence to test this hypothesis. 1. Add herbicide to the soil of the experimental plot of mosses. 2. Apply water equally to the experimental and control plots. 3. Measure initial soil nitrogen contents of control and experimental plots. 4. Quantify nitrogen loss from the soil of control and experimental plots. 5. Establish two identical plots of moss; one as a control, the other as the experimental treatment. Select one: O a. 55 2314 O b. 51324 O c. 553214 O d. 553124 O e. 4 4 513 2arrow_forwardFairy rings (such as the one in the photo on the left) are circles of fungi that often appear in open meadows and in forest areas. In the soil beneath the fungi is an ever-extending mycelium. As the mycelium spreads to seek out more food, it sometimes will produce the fungi we see above ground to produce and release spores. The diagram on the right depicts the outline of a fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow, as viewed from above. The ring represents the farthest advance of this mycelium through the soil. The letters A-D represent locations with respect to that ring which are all 0.5 meters below the soil surface. 1)If the fungus that produced the fairy ring can also produce arbuscules, then which of the following is most likely to be buried at location "B"? a. cement-capped well b. deceased animal c. tree stump d. fire pit 2) Assume that all four locations are 0.5 meters above the surface, rather than below. On a breezy day with prevailing winds blowing from right…arrow_forward
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