Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 28.7, Problem 1CR
Summary Introduction
Enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) are immunodiagnostic tools that are widely used in clinical
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why do we have to do a western blot confirmatory testing after doing an ELISA screening test for HIV?
Many ELISAs that are used to identify the presence of antibody to viruses have a 3rd control (along with negative and positive). In between the rows of wells coated with antigen, are rows of cells coated with tissue culture used to grow the virus. In other words, patient serum is added to wells that contain antigen along with wells that contain tissue culture. Why do you think this might be necessary?
Briefly describe how viral antigens can be screened for using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay (ELISA).
Chapter 28 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 28.1 - The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is...Ch. 28.1 - Identify and discuss the standard safety...Ch. 28.1 - Prob. 1CRCh. 28.2 - Prob. 1MQCh. 28.2 - How can the spread of HAIs be controlled?Ch. 28.2 - Prob. 1CRCh. 28.3 - What are the key points necessary for proper...Ch. 28.3 - Identify culture methods and conditions used for...Ch. 28.3 - QWhy is it important to process clinical specimens...Ch. 28.4 - Describe the disc diffusion test and the Etest for...
Ch. 28.4 - What is the value of antimicrobial drug...Ch. 28.4 - QDescribe the disc diffusion test for antibiotic...Ch. 28.5 - Explain the reasons for changes in antibody titer...Ch. 28.5 - Describe the method, time frame, and rationale for...Ch. 28.5 - What advantages do monoclonal antibodies have...Ch. 28.5 - QWhy does antibody titer rise after infection? Is...Ch. 28.6 - How is the bivalence of antibodies significant for...Ch. 28.6 - What are the advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 28.6 - Why are agglutination tests so widely used in...Ch. 28.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 28.7 - Compare the advantages and disadvantages of EIA,...Ch. 28.7 - Prob. 1CRCh. 28.8 - What advantage(s) does nucleic acid amplification...Ch. 28.8 - How do quantitative PCR (qPCR) and qualitative PCR...Ch. 28.8 - Distinguish between quantitative and qualitative...Ch. 28.9 - Compare and contrast live attenuated vaccines,...Ch. 28.9 - Identify the advantages of alternative...Ch. 28.9 - QList the immunizations recommended for children...Ch. 28.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 28.10 - How does the activity of each antibiotic class...Ch. 28.10 - What are the sources of aminoglycosides,...Ch. 28.10 - Antibiotics are chemically diverse antimicrobial...Ch. 28.11 - What steps in the viral maturation process are...Ch. 28.11 - Why are there fewer clinically effective...Ch. 28.11 - Why is host toxicity a common problem with...Ch. 28.12 - Identify the basic mechanisms of antibiotic...Ch. 28.12 - What does vancomycin have in common with...Ch. 28.12 - Prob. 3MQCh. 28.12 - What practices contribute to the spread of...Ch. 28 - Define the procedures you would use to isolate and...Ch. 28 - Prob. 2AQCh. 28 - Describe three important reasons why semisynthetic...Ch. 28 - Imagine yourself as a clinical microbiologist with...
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Similar questions
- Discuss, with examples, the advantages and limitations of testing for viral protein/nucleic acid and testing for antibody to the virus as diagnostic tests for a virus infection.arrow_forwardHow reliable are Lateral flowimmunochromatographic assays when compared to molecular diagnostic tests or other serological tests? Please discuss referring to original articles example of covid 19..arrow_forwardWhat is rationale of using serological typing in bacterial agglutination?arrow_forward
- which combination of tests would be the most reliable and practical in diagonsing an HIV infection? a)Elisa, Oraquick adance b)P 24 antiboy, Western blot c)Bombo Antigen/antibody quick test, PCR testing d)oraquick advance antibody test, ELISA e) Western blot, PCR testingarrow_forwarda) What is “washing” in immunology? What types of interactions doeswashing interfere with? What molecules are used for effective“washing” in the immunology lab?b) Blocking is also a common feature of immunological assays. Why isblocking required?i. A student forgot to block their Western blot membrane beforeadding the secondary antibody. They continue and block themembrane after the secondary antibody step, assuming itdoesn’t matter which order the steps are completed in. Howwould this affect the results seen?ii. A student blocked their ELISA plate with 50 microlitres ofblocking buffer, although their coating, binding and detectionsteps were at 100 microlitres. How would this affect the resultsseen?arrow_forwardOutline the principle behind the following techniques: 1. Immunofixation 2. Southern blotting 3. Ion exchange chromatograph 4. SDS-PAGE.arrow_forward
- Why is the ELISA test used to screen human serum for the AIDSvirus, while the Western blot procedure is used only as the confirmation test?arrow_forwardexplain or describe the principle of immunoturbidimetric C3 Assay.arrow_forwardSouthern blotting technique is used ina) Monoclonal antibody productionb) In vitro culturec) Genetic finger printingd) Polymerase chain reactionarrow_forward
- What are the advantages and disadvantages of Nasopharyngeal Swab Test through Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction?arrow_forwardDiscuss the structural and immunological basis of Ig isotype and subisotype according to Kuby Immunology 8th edition.arrow_forwardTo diagnosis, we used a procedure known as a "sandwich ELISA" (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay). 1.In the "ELISA sandwich," what is the "meat"? 2.Both patients A and B had positive results. Why are these two patients' outcomes so different? 3.What is one potential cause of an ELISA false negative result? What is one potential cause of an ELISA false positive result? What is another example of how an ELISA assay should be used?arrow_forward
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