Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 28.5, Problem 1CR
Q Why does antibody titer rise after infection? Is a high antibody titer indicative of an ongoing infection? Explain. Why is it necessary to obtain an acute and a convalescent blood sample to monitor infections?
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Chapter 28 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 28.1 - The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is...Ch. 28.1 - Identify and discuss the standard safety...Ch. 28.1 - Prob. 1CRCh. 28.2 - Prob. 1MQCh. 28.2 - How can the spread of HAIs be controlled?Ch. 28.2 - Prob. 1CRCh. 28.3 - What are the key points necessary for proper...Ch. 28.3 - Identify culture methods and conditions used for...Ch. 28.3 - QWhy is it important to process clinical specimens...Ch. 28.4 - Describe the disc diffusion test and the Etest for...
Ch. 28.4 - What is the value of antimicrobial drug...Ch. 28.4 - QDescribe the disc diffusion test for antibiotic...Ch. 28.5 - Explain the reasons for changes in antibody titer...Ch. 28.5 - Describe the method, time frame, and rationale for...Ch. 28.5 - What advantages do monoclonal antibodies have...Ch. 28.5 - QWhy does antibody titer rise after infection? Is...Ch. 28.6 - How is the bivalence of antibodies significant for...Ch. 28.6 - What are the advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 28.6 - Why are agglutination tests so widely used in...Ch. 28.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 28.7 - Compare the advantages and disadvantages of EIA,...Ch. 28.7 - Prob. 1CRCh. 28.8 - What advantage(s) does nucleic acid amplification...Ch. 28.8 - How do quantitative PCR (qPCR) and qualitative PCR...Ch. 28.8 - Distinguish between quantitative and qualitative...Ch. 28.9 - Compare and contrast live attenuated vaccines,...Ch. 28.9 - Identify the advantages of alternative...Ch. 28.9 - QList the immunizations recommended for children...Ch. 28.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 28.10 - How does the activity of each antibiotic class...Ch. 28.10 - What are the sources of aminoglycosides,...Ch. 28.10 - Antibiotics are chemically diverse antimicrobial...Ch. 28.11 - What steps in the viral maturation process are...Ch. 28.11 - Why are there fewer clinically effective...Ch. 28.11 - Why is host toxicity a common problem with...Ch. 28.12 - Identify the basic mechanisms of antibiotic...Ch. 28.12 - What does vancomycin have in common with...Ch. 28.12 - Prob. 3MQCh. 28.12 - What practices contribute to the spread of...Ch. 28 - Define the procedures you would use to isolate and...Ch. 28 - Prob. 2AQCh. 28 - Describe three important reasons why semisynthetic...Ch. 28 - Imagine yourself as a clinical microbiologist with...
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- Describe agglutination reaction test used to determine A, B , AB or O blood types. Must explain each agglutination reactions involving A, B, AB and O blood type and all antigens and antibodies involved in each reaction.arrow_forwardWhy monoclonal antibodies method is better than polyclonal antibodies method in detecting specific pathogen? Explain the reasons for both selection or rejection methods..arrow_forwardIdentify three other methods commonly used to visualize lipids on a TLC plate. Specify the type or class of lipids that are detected using these methods.arrow_forward
- state the most common reason for a false-negative antibody testarrow_forwardDescribe hybridoma technique for developing monoclonal antibodies.arrow_forwardAt time point A, the patient's IgG titer against antigen X is 1:6, the patient's IgM titer to the same antigen is zero. Later, at time point B, the same patient again encounters antigen X. The IgG titer is zero, and the IgM titer to X is 1:8. Describe a scenario that could explain these data.arrow_forward
- Give typed explanation of both question 1) What is Linkage disequilibrium as applied to HLA antigens? 2) What is the use of HLA molecules in determining paternity testing, disease association, platelet transfusion, TRALI, and transplants?arrow_forwardDiscuss in detail the role of CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1; compare and contrast the two pathways in immunotherapy. Do the two pathways play a complementary and/or synergistic roles? Give an example of 1 approved drug for each pathway along with information on immunogenicity, route of administration, dosing regimen, and key PK parameters such as half-life and clearance.arrow_forwardIllustrate the step-wise procedure of making a blood smear.arrow_forward
- Explain why IgM has a stronger power of agglutination than antibodies of any other class.arrow_forwardThe presence of IgM antibodies indicate what type of infection? Acute or Chronic? Explainarrow_forward1) SDS PAGE gels can be probed with NBT/BCIP to perform an immunoblot true/ false 2) the direction of migration of protiens through a matrix is due to most proteins in natur having a net negative charge true/false 3) PBST is a buffer that is used for blocking the membrane during immunoblotting. true/false 4) the buffer used during for transferring proteins to nitrocellulose methanol. true/false 7) The size of the pores of a polyacrylamide gel dcreases as concentrations of polyacrylamide increases. True or false 10) The secondary antibody used in laboratory for western blotting is conjugated to which enzyme A) Alkaline decarboxylase B) GAPDH C) Alkaline Phosphatase D) Horseeradish peroxide 13) In protien electrophroresis, what reagent present in the sample buffer is used to eliminate difference in the charge densities of protein A) SDS B) 2- mercaptoethanol C) Tris-HCL pH6.8 D) Tris- HCL PH 8.8arrow_forward
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