Whether the metal surfaces on the spacecraft in a bright sunlight develop a net positive or negative electric charge.

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3. We derived in class that, for the dipole radiation, the vector potential at distance r from the Holl eikr -2. radiator is A = 4πT до (a) Instead of obtaining B from E, as stated in class notes, show that, keeping only the term involving 1/r, B = VXA = ikuolleikr -fx 2. 4π ין (b) Verify that this answer is the same as the one obtained using B = --V × E, with iwμoll eikr E= 4π " -sin e obtained in class. (N A r

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Chapter 28, Problem 8CQ

To determine

Whether the metal surfaces on the spacecraft in a bright sunlight develop a net positive or negative electric charge.

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3. We derived in class that, for the dipole radiation, the vector potential at distance r from the Holl eikr -2. radiator is A = 4πT до (a) Instead of obtaining B from E, as stated in class notes, show that, keeping only the term involving 1/r, B = VXA = ikuolleikr -fx 2. 4π ין (b) Verify that this answer is the same as the one obtained using B = --V × E, with iwμoll eikr E= 4π " -sin e obtained in class. (N A r

Metal surfaces on spacecraft in bright sunlight develop a net electric charge. Do they develop a negative or a positive charge?Explain.

The effective bandwidth of Hollow cathode lamp emission lines is smaller than that absorption lines by atoms in flame because a. In the flame, molecules move faster producing a wider bandwidth. b. The pressure is low in the HC lamp as a result more natural uncertainty broadening. c. In the HC lamp, the temperature is low so that the Doppler Effect is high causing more broadening. d. In flame, the gas temperature is high so that the collision is higher and resulting more broadening.